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lessen

Who acts: Wearing, danger, medicine, rain, we, Talking · What happens: make, lessen, become, wear, hurt, go · To what, where: something, pain, helmet, danger, head, tooth · Speech: someone speaks here

«lessen» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lessen in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To make something smaller, weaker or less: to lessen pain, noise or danger.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 make	obj
4	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 weaker	punct
6	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 smaller	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 less	cc
8	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 weaker	conj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 lessen	punct
10	to	to	PART	_	11 lessen	mark
11	lessen	lessen	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 make	conj
12	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lessen	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 noise	punct
14	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pain	conj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 danger	cc
16	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pain	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		something				small property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product
2	lessen	to-infinitive		pain and noise or danger					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pain=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To become smaller, weaker or less.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 become	mark
2	become	become	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 become	xcomp
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 weaker	punct
5	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 smaller	conj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 less	cc
7	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 weaker	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 smaller	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	to-infinitive						small property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Example 1

Wearing a helmet lessens the danger of hurting your head.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 lessens	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 helmet	det
3	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wearing	obj
4	lessens	lessen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 danger	det
6	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lessens	obj
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 hurting	mark
8	hurting	hurt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 danger	acl
9	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 head	nmod:poss
10	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hurting	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lessens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	gerund		a helmet					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme
2	lessen	present	Wearing	the danger					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent danger=Patient
3	hurt	gerund	the danger not said here	your head					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer head=Patient

Example 2

The medicine lessened the pain in my tooth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 medicine	det
2	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lessened	nsubj
3	lessened	lessen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pain	det
5	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lessened	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 tooth	case
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 tooth	nmod:poss
8	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lessened	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lessened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lessen	past	the medicine	the pain		my tooth			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pain=Patient

Example 3

The rain lessened, so we went outside.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rain	det
2	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lessened	nsubj
3	lessened	lessen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 went	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	7 went	advmod
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 went	nsubj
7	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 lessened	conj
8	outside	outside	ADV	_	7 went	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lessened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lessen	past	the rain						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	go	past	we					outside property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 4

Talking about it lessened my worry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 lessened	csubj
2	about	about	ADP	_	3 it	case
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Talking	obl
4	lessened	lessen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 worry	nmod:poss
6	worry	worry	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lessened	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lessened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	gerund						about it	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic
2	lessen	past	Talking	my worry					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent worry=Patient
3	worry		my						nom worry «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent

Example 5

Planting trees can lessen flooding.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Planting	plant	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 lessen	csubj
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Planting	obj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 lessen	aux
4	lessen	lessen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	flooding	flooding	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lessen	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lessen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	plant	gerund		trees					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
2	lessen	can	Planting	flooding					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent flooding=Patient

Example 6

Turn the music down to lessen the noise.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 music	det
3	music	music	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Turn	obj
4	down	down	ADV	_	1 Turn	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 lessen	mark
6	lessen	lessen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Turn	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 noise	det
8	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lessen	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Turn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn down	imperative	you not said here	the music				down property	vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme
2	lessen	to-infinitive	you not said here	the noise					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent noise=Patient

Example 7

The number of pupils with colds lessened after the holidays.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 pupils	case
4	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 colds	case
6	colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pupils	nmod
7	lessened	lessen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 colds	acl
8	after	after	ADP	_	10 holidays	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 holidays	det
10	holidays	holiday	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 lessened	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 number	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lessen	participle		colds not said here			after the holidays		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 8

It thanked the Princess most heartily for her goodness, and said that its sufferings had already been greatly lessened.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thanked	nsubj
2	thanked	thank	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Princess	det
4	Princess	princess	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 thanked	obj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 heartily	advmod
6	heartily	heartily	ADV	_	2 thanked	advmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 goodness	case
8	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 goodness	nmod:poss
9	goodness	goodness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 thanked	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 said	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 said	cc
12	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 thanked	parataxis
13	that	that	SCONJ	_	20 lessened	mark
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 sufferings	nmod:poss
15	sufferings	suffering	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 lessened	nsubj
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 lessened	aux
17	already	already	ADV	_	20 lessened	advmod
18	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 lessened	aux:pass
19	greatly	greatly	ADV	_	20 lessened	advmod
20	lessened	lessen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 said	ccomp
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 thanked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	thank speech: thank	past	It		the Princess			for Princess's goodness; heartily property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent princess=Theme for goodness=Attribute
2	say speech: assert	past							vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	lessen	past · perfect · passive		goodness's sufferings				greatly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
4	suffer		goodness						nom suffering «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/lessen/