letting Who acts: someone, something, Letting, Mum, me, Thanks · What happens: let, mean, allow, do, happen, not stop · To what, where: someone, something, it, water run, house, British English · Speech: someone speaks here
«letting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: letting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Letting means allowing someone to do something.
nsubj xcomp obj mark xcomp obj punct root Letting VERB means VERB allowing VERB someone PRON to PART do VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 allowing allow VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 allowing obj 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 allowing xcomp 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 do obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let gerund vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 allow not said to happen gerund someone vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer someone=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality 4 do not said to happen to-infinitive someone not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Mum is letting me stay up late.
nsubj aux obj xcomp compound:prt advmod punct root Mum NOUN is AUX letting VERB me PRON stay VERB up ADP late ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 letting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 letting aux 3 letting let VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 letting obj 5 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 letting xcomp 6 up up ADP _ 5 stay compound:prt 7 late late ADV Degree=Pos 5 stay advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 letting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present · progressive Mum me tree rules 2 stay up infinitive me not said here late property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 2 Letting something happen means not stopping it: letting the water run.
csubj nsubj xcomp advmod ccomp obj punct conj det compound obj punct root Letting VERB something PRON happen VERB means VERB not PART stopping VERB it PRON : PUNCT letting VERB the DET water NOUN run NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means csubj 2 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 happen nsubj 3 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Letting xcomp 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 stopping advmod 6 stopping stop VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means ccomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 stopping obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 9 letting punct 9 letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stopping conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 run det 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 12 run compound 12 run run NOUN Number=Sing 9 letting obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let gerund tree rules 2 happen infinitive something vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 mean present Letting vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 not stop gerund it vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality 5 let gerund the water run vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent run=Theme
Meaning 3 In British English, letting a house or flat means renting it out to someone.
The tree, 14 words case amod obl punct csubj det obj cc conj xcomp obj compound:prt case obl punct root In ADP British ADJ English PROPN , PUNCT letting VERB a DET house NOUN or CCONJ flat ADJ means VERB renting VERB it PRON out ADP to ADP someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 English case 2 British British ADJ Degree=Pos 3 English amod 3 English English PROPN Number=Sing 10 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 English punct 5 letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 means csubj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 house det 7 house house NOUN Number=Sing 5 letting obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 flat cc 9 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 7 house conj 10 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 renting rent VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 means xcomp 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 renting obj 13 out out ADP _ 11 renting compound:prt 14 to to ADP _ 15 someone case 15 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 renting obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let gerund a house vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme 2 mean present letting British English vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 rent out not said to happen gerund letting not said here house someone vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to someone=Recipient
Example 1 Thanks for letting me borrow your pen.
mark acl obj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root Thanks NOUN for SCONJ letting VERB me PRON borrow VERB your PRON pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thanks thanks NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 for for SCONJ _ 3 letting mark 3 letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Thanks acl 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 letting obj 5 borrow borrow VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 letting xcomp 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 pen nmod:poss 7 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 5 borrow obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Thanks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let gerund Thanks not said here me tree rules 2 borrow infinitive me not said here your pen vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Theme
Example 2 Dad is letting us camp in the garden.
nsubj aux obj xcomp case det obl punct root Dad NOUN is AUX letting VERB us PRON camp VERB in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 letting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 letting aux 3 letting let VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 letting obj 5 camp camp VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 letting xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 8 garden case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 garden det 8 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 5 camp obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 letting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present · progressive Dad us tree rules 2 camp infinitive us not said here the garden vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in garden=Location
Example 3 Stop letting the door slam!
xcomp det compound obj punct root Stop VERB letting VERB the DET door NOUN slam NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 slam det 4 door door NOUN Number=Sing 5 slam compound 5 slam slam NOUN Number=Sing 2 letting obj 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 let gerund you not said here the door slam vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slam=Theme
Example 4 She is letting go of the rope.
nsubj aux obj case det nmod punct root She PRON is AUX letting VERB go NOUN of ADP the DET rope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 letting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 letting aux 3 letting let VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 go go NOUN Number=Sing 3 letting obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 rope case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rope det 7 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 4 go nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 letting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present · progressive She go of the rope vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent go=Theme
Example 5 You are letting the cold air in.
nsubj aux det amod obj compound:prt punct root You PRON are AUX letting VERB the DET cold ADJ air NOUN in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 letting nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 letting aux 3 letting let VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 air det 5 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 6 air amod 6 air air NOUN Number=Sing 3 letting obj 7 in in ADP _ 3 letting compound:prt 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 letting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in present · progressive You the cold air vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
Example 6 I felt bad about letting my team down.
nsubj xcomp mark advcl nmod:poss obj advmod punct root I PRON felt VERB bad ADJ about SCONJ letting VERB my PRON team NOUN down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 felt xcomp 4 about about SCONJ _ 5 letting mark 5 letting let VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 felt advcl 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 team nmod:poss 7 team team NOUN Number=Sing 5 letting obj 8 down down ADV _ 5 letting advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past I bad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 let down gerund I not said here my team down property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent team=Theme
Example 7 They are letting the dog off the lead in the park.
nsubj aux det obj case det obl case det nmod punct root They PRON are AUX letting VERB the DET dog NOUN off ADP the DET lead NOUN in ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 letting nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 letting aux 3 letting let VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dog det 5 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 letting obj 6 off off ADP _ 8 lead case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lead det 8 lead lead NOUN Number=Sing 3 letting obl 9 in in ADP _ 11 park case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 park det 11 park park NOUN Number=Sing 8 lead nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 letting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present · progressive They the dog off the lead in the park vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme
Example 8 Letting the tap run wastes water.
csubj det compound obj obj punct root Letting VERB the DET tap NOUN run NOUN wastes VERB water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Letting let VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 wastes csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 run det 3 tap tap NOUN Number=Sing 4 run compound 4 run run NOUN Number=Sing 1 Letting obj 5 wastes waste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 wastes obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 wastes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let gerund the tap run vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent run=Theme 2 waste present Letting water vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
Example 9 Straight on he strode, letting neither hill nor river hinder him.
advmod mark nsubj punct advcl det obj cc conj xcomp obj punct root Straight ADV on SCONJ he PRON strode VERB , PUNCT letting VERB neither DET hill NOUN nor CCONJ river NOUN hinder VERB him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Straight straight ADV _ 4 strode advmod 2 on on SCONJ _ 4 strode mark 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 strode nsubj 4 strode stride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 letting punct 6 letting let VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 strode advcl 7 neither neither DET PronType=Neg 8 hill det 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 6 letting obj 9 nor nor CCONJ Polarity=Neg 10 river cc 10 river river NOUN Number=Sing 8 hill conj 11 hinder hinder VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 letting xcomp 12 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 hinder obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 strode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stride past he straight property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 let gerund he not said here neither hill nor river tree rules 3 hinder present neither hill nor river not said here him = he vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer he=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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