lone Who acts: Lone, lone parent, lone wolf, person, you, alone lone · What happens: mean, bring up, be, like, do, let · To what, where: child, person, things, phrase, short form, fence
«lone» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lone in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Lone means alone, the only one there, with no others.
nsubj advmod punct det amod parataxis advmod punct case det conj punct root Lone ADJ means VERB alone ADV , PUNCT the DET only ADJ one NOUN there ADV , PUNCT with ADP no DET others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 alone alone ADV _ 2 means advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 one punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 one det 6 only only ADJ Degree=Pos 7 one amod 7 one one NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 8 there there ADV PronType=Dem 7 one advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 others punct 10 with with ADP _ 12 others case 11 no no DET PronType=Neg 12 others det 12 others other NOUN Number=Plur 7 one conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Lone alone property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A lone parent brings up a child alone.
det amod nsubj compound:prt det obj advmod punct root A DET lone ADJ parent NOUN brings VERB up ADP a DET child NOUN alone ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 parent det 2 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 3 parent amod 3 parent parent NOUN Number=Sing 4 brings nsubj 4 brings bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 brings compound:prt 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 child det 7 child child NOUN Number=Sing 4 brings obj 8 alone alone ADV _ 4 brings advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 brings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring up present a lone parent a child alone property vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent child=Patient
Meaning 3 «A lone wolf» is a person who likes to do things alone.
The tree, 12 words punct det amod nsubj punct cop det nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp obj advmod punct root « PUNCT A DET lone ADJ wolf NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON likes VERB to PART do VERB things NOUN alone ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 wolf punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 wolf det 3 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 4 wolf amod 4 wolf wolf NOUN Number=Sing 8 person nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 wolf punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 person cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 person det 8 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 likes nsubj 10 likes like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 person acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 12 do mark 12 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 likes xcomp 13 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 12 do obj 14 alone alone ADV _ 12 do advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lone wolf a person tree rules 2 like present a person vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 do not said to happen to-infinitive a person not said here things alone property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality
Meaning 4 In the phrase 'let alone', lone is a short form of alone, meaning not to mention.
The tree, 17 words case det obl punct amod case nsubj cop det amod obj case nmod punct advcl advmod mark xcomp punct root In ADP the DET phrase NOUN ' PUNCT let VERB alone ADJ ', PART lone NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ form NOUN of ADP alone ADV , PUNCT meaning VERB not PART to PART mention VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 phrase case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 phrase det 3 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing 5 let obl 4 ' ' PUNCT _ 5 let punct 5 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 alone alone ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lone amod 7 ', ', PART _ 6 alone case 8 lone lone NOUN Number=Sing 12 form nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 form cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 form det 11 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 12 form amod 12 form form NOUN Number=Sing 5 let obj 13 of of ADP _ 14 alone case 14 alone alone ADV _ 12 form nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 meaning punct 16 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 let advcl 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 19 mention advmod 18 to to PART _ 19 mention mark 19 mention mention VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 meaning xcomp 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here the phrase vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 is a present alone lone a short form tree rules 3 mean gerund you not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 not mention speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 A lone bird sat on the fence.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET lone ADJ bird NOUN sat VERB on ADP the DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bird det 2 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bird amod 3 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 4 sat nsubj 4 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 fence case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fence det 7 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 4 sat obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past a lone bird the fence vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on fence=Location
Example 2 The lone apple left on the tree fell.
det amod nsubj acl case det obl punct root The DET lone ADJ apple NOUN left VERB on ADP the DET tree NOUN fell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 apple det 2 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 3 apple amod 3 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 8 fell nsubj 4 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 apple acl 5 on on ADP _ 7 tree case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tree det 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 left obl 8 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave participle the lone apple not said here the tree vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on tree=Location 2 fall past the lone apple vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Then 5 more birds joined the lone bird.
advmod nummod amod nsubj det amod obj punct root Then ADV 5 NUM more ADJ birds NOUN joined VERB the DET lone ADJ bird NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 5 joined advmod 2 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 birds nummod 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 birds amod 4 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 5 joined nsubj 5 joined join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bird det 7 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bird amod 8 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 5 joined obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 joined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join past 5 more birds the lone bird then vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient
Example 4 A lone tree stood on the hill.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET lone ADJ tree NOUN stood VERB on ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tree amod 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 stood nsubj 4 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 hill case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hill det 7 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 4 stood obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past a lone tree the hill vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hill=Location
Example 5 The lone rider crossed the desert.
det amod nsubj det obj punct root The DET lone ADJ rider NOUN crossed VERB the DET desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rider det 2 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rider amod 3 rider rider NOUN Number=Sing 4 crossed nsubj 4 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 desert det 6 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 4 crossed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 crossed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past the lone rider the desert vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent desert=Patient
Example 6 He is a bit of a lone wolf and likes to work alone.
nsubj cop det case det amod nmod cc conj mark xcomp advmod punct root He PRON is AUX a DET bit NOUN of ADP a DET lone ADJ wolf NOUN and CCONJ likes VERB to PART work VERB alone ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 bit nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 bit cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bit det 4 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 wolf case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 wolf det 7 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 8 wolf amod 8 wolf wolf NOUN Number=Sing 4 bit nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 likes cc 10 likes like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 bit conj 11 to to PART _ 12 work mark 12 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 likes xcomp 13 alone alone ADV _ 12 work advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 bit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present He a bit of a lone wolf tree rules 2 like present He not said here vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 work not said to happen to-infinitive He not said here alone property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 A lone light shone in the window.
det amod acl case det obl punct root A DET lone ADJ light NOUN shone VERB in ADP the DET window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 light det 2 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 3 light amod 3 light light NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 shone shine VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 light acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 window case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 window det 7 window window NOUN Number=Sing 4 shone obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine participle a lone light not said here the window vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in window=Location
Example 8 She was the lone girl on the football team.
nsubj cop det amod case det compound nmod punct root She PRON was AUX the DET lone ADJ girl NOUN on ADP the DET football NOUN team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 girl nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 girl cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 girl det 4 lone lone ADJ Degree=Pos 5 girl amod 5 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 9 team case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 team det 8 football football NOUN Number=Sing 9 team compound 9 team team NOUN Number=Sing 5 girl nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 girl punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past She the lone girl the football team tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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