lonely Who acts: Lonely, you, place, I, best friend, someone · What happens: mean, feel, be, have, describe, move away · To what, where: friends, place, few visitors, them, lonely life, long lonely road
«lonely» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lonely in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Lonely means feeling sad because you are alone or have no friends to be with.
The tree, 15 words nsubj xcomp xcomp mark nsubj cop advcl cc conj det obj mark cop acl punct root Lonely ADJ means VERB feeling VERB sad ADJ because SCONJ you PRON are AUX alone ADJ or CCONJ have VERB no DET friends NOUN to PART be AUX with ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 feeling xcomp 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 alone mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 alone nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 alone cop 8 alone alone ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sad advcl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 have cc 10 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 feeling conj 11 no no DET PronType=Neg 12 friends det 12 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 10 have obj 13 to to PART _ 15 with mark 14 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 15 with cop 15 with with ADP _ 12 friends acl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Lonely vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 feel not said to happen gerund Lonely not said here sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 3 is present you alone property tree rules 4 have present Lonely not said here no friends vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Lonely describes a place that is far from people and has few visitors.
nsubj det obj nsubj cop advmod case acl:relcl cc conj amod obj punct root Lonely ADJ describes VERB a DET place NOUN that PRON is AUX far ADV from ADP people NOUN and CCONJ has VERB few ADJ visitors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lonely Lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 place det 4 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 people nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 people cop 7 far far ADV Degree=Pos 9 people advmod 8 from from ADP _ 9 people case 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 place acl:relcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 has cc 11 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 describes conj 12 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 13 visitors amod 13 visitors visitor NOUN Number=Plur 11 has obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Lonely a place vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent place=Theme 2 is present a place from people; far property tree rules 3 have present Lonely not said here few visitors vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Patient
Example 1 I felt lonely when my best friend moved away.
nsubj xcomp advmod nmod:poss amod nsubj advcl advmod punct root I PRON felt VERB lonely ADJ when ADV my PRON best ADJ friend NOUN moved VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 2 felt xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 moved advmod 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 friend nmod:poss 6 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 7 friend amod 7 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 8 moved nsubj 8 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 felt advcl 9 away away ADV _ 8 moved advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past I lonely property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 move away past my best friend away property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 If someone looks lonely, ask them to play.
mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct iobj mark xcomp punct root If SCONJ someone PRON looks VERB lonely ADJ , PUNCT ask VERB them PRON to PART play VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 looks mark 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 looks nsubj 3 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ask advcl 4 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looks xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 looks punct 6 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 ask iobj 8 to to PART _ 9 play mark 9 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 ask xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look a condition, not said to happen present someone lonely property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here them = they vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic 3 play not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The old lighthouse keeper lived a lonely life.
det amod compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET old ADJ lighthouse NOUN keeper NOUN lived VERB a DET lonely ADJ life NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 keeper det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 keeper amod 3 lighthouse lighthouse NOUN Number=Sing 4 keeper compound 4 keeper keeper NOUN Number=Sing 5 lived nsubj 5 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 life det 7 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 8 life amod 8 life life NOUN Number=Sing 5 lived obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the old lighthouse keeper a lonely life vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location
Example 4 It was a long, lonely road through the desert.
nsubj cop det amod punct amod case det nmod punct root It PRON was AUX a DET long ADJ , PUNCT lonely ADJ road NOUN through ADP the DET desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 road nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 road cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 road det 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 road amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 long punct 6 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 7 road amod 7 road road NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 through through ADP _ 10 desert case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 desert det 10 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 7 road nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 road punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a long lonely road the desert tree rules
Example 5 New pupils can feel lonely at first.
amod nsubj aux xcomp case obl punct root New ADJ pupils NOUN can AUX feel VERB lonely ADJ at ADP first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 New new ADJ Degree=Pos 2 pupils amod 2 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 4 feel nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 feel aux 4 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 4 feel xcomp 6 at at ADP _ 7 first case 7 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 5 lonely obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel can New pupils lonely property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 6 The lonely dog howled while its owners were at work.
det amod nsubj mark nmod:poss nsubj cop case advcl punct root The DET lonely ADJ dog NOUN howled VERB while SCONJ its PRON owners NOUN were AUX at ADP work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dog det 2 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 3 dog amod 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 howled nsubj 4 howled howl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 while while SCONJ _ 10 work mark 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 owners nmod:poss 7 owners owner NOUN Number=Plur 10 work nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 work cop 9 at at ADP _ 10 work case 10 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 howled advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 howled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 howl past the lonely dog vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is past dog's owners work tree rules
Example 7 Talking to someone can help when you're lonely.
csubj case obl aux mark nsubj cop advcl punct root Talking VERB to ADP someone PRON can AUX help VERB when SCONJ you PRON 're AUX lonely ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 help csubj 2 to to ADP _ 3 someone case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Talking obl 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 help aux 5 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 when when SCONJ _ 9 lonely mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 lonely nsubj 8 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 lonely cop 9 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 5 help advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk gerund to someone vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Agent 2 help can Talking vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 3 is present you lonely property tree rules
Example 8 Grandma is less lonely now that she has a cat.
nsubj cop advmod advmod mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Grandma NOUN is AUX less ADV lonely ADJ now ADV that SCONJ she PRON has VERB a DET cat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 4 lonely nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lonely cop 3 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 4 lonely advmod 4 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 now now ADV PronType=Dem 4 lonely advmod 6 that that SCONJ _ 8 has mark 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 has nsubj 8 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lonely advcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 cat det 10 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 8 has obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 lonely punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Grandma now less, lonely property tree rules 2 have present she a cat vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Patient
Example 9 It is really terribly lonely here!”
nsubj cop advmod advmod advmod punct punct root It PRON is AUX really ADV terribly ADV lonely ADJ here ADV ! PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 lonely nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lonely cop 3 really really ADV _ 5 lonely advmod 4 terribly terribly ADV _ 5 lonely advmod 5 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 here here ADV PronType=Dem 5 lonely advmod 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 lonely punct 8 ” " PUNCT _ 5 lonely punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It here lonely, terribly property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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