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loudness

Who acts: sound, we, Hitting, Pitch, loudness, you · What happens: be, hear, measure, hit, increase, test · To what, where: sound, loudness, decibels, drum, same thing, ears

«loudness» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: loudness in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

How loud a sound is; the strength of a sound that we hear.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 loud	advmod
2	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 sound	det
4	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loud	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 loud	cop
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 strength	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 strength	det
8	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loud	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 sound	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 sound	det
11	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 strength	nmod
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 hear	obj
13	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 hear	nsubj
14	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 sound	acl:relcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 loud	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a sound					loud property	tree rules
2	hear	present	we	a sound					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

The loudness of a sound is measured in decibels.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 loudness	det
2	loudness	loudness	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 measured	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 sound	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sound	det
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loudness	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 measured	aux:pass
7	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 decibels	case
9	decibels	decibel	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 measured	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 measured	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	present · passive		the loudness of a sound		decibels			vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value

Example 2

Hitting the drum harder increases its loudness.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hitting	hit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 increases	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 drum	det
3	drum	drum	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Hitting	obj
4	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	1 Hitting	xcomp
5	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 loudness	nmod:poss
7	loudness	loudness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 increases	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 increases	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	gerund		the drum				hard property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme drum=Co-Theme
2	increase	present	Hitting	drum's loudness					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer loudness=Patient

Example 3

We tested the loudness of different alarms.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 tested	nsubj
2	tested	test	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 loudness	det
4	loudness	loudness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tested	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 alarms	case
6	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 alarms	amod
7	alarms	alarm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 loudness	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tested	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	test	past	We	the loudness of different alarms					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loudness=Theme

Example 4

Pitch and loudness are not the same thing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pitch	pitch	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 thing	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 loudness	cc
3	loudness	loudness	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pitch	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 thing	cop
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 thing	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 thing	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 thing	amod
8	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 thing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	Pitch and loudness	the same thing					tree rules

Example 5

The loudness of the concert hurt my ears.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 loudness	det
2	loudness	loudness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hurt	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 concert	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 concert	det
5	concert	concert	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loudness	nmod
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 ears	nmod:poss
8	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hurt	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hurt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	past	the loudness of the concert	my ears					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ear=Patient

Example 6

Turn the loudness down on your headphones.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 loudness	det
3	loudness	loudness	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Turn	obj
4	down	down	ADP	_	1 Turn	compound:prt
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 headphones	case
6	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 headphones	nmod:poss
7	headphones	headphone	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Turn	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Turn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn down	imperative	you not said here	the loudness		your headphones			vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loudness=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/loudness/