malayalam Who acts: Malayalam, alphabet, friend, Malayalam film festival, We, Many nurses · What happens: be, speak, use, write, round, have · To what, where: language, state, Malayalam, main language, own script, palindrome · Speech: someone speaks here
«malayalam» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: malayalam in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: a language — kept apart, not parsed.
Malayalam is a language spoken by about 35 million people, mainly in the state of Kerala in south-west India.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det acl case advmod compound nummod obl:agent punct advmod case det obl case nmod case advmod punct amod nmod punct root Malayalam NOUN is AUX a DET language NOUN spoken VERB by ADP about ADV 35 NUM million NUM people NOUN , PUNCT mainly ADV in ADP the DET state NOUN of ADP Kerala PROPN in ADP south ADV - PUNCT west ADJ India PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malayalam malayalam NOUN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 6 by by ADP _ 10 people case 7 about about ADV _ 9 million advmod 8 35 35 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 million compound 9 million million NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 people nummod 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 spoken obl:agent 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 state punct 12 mainly mainly ADV _ 15 state advmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 state case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 state det 15 state state NOUN Number=Sing 5 spoken obl 16 of of ADP _ 17 Kerala case 17 Kerala Kerala PROPN Number=Sing 15 state nmod 18 in in ADP _ 22 India case 19 south south ADV _ 21 west advmod 20 - - PUNCT _ 19 south punct 21 west west ADJ Degree=Pos 22 India amod 22 India India PROPN Number=Sing 17 Kerala nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malayalam a language tree rules 2 speak speech: other participle a language not said here the state of Kerala in west India vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The alphabet (script) used to write that language, with rounded letters.
The tree, 11 words det nsubj punct appos punct mark xcomp det obj punct case amod obl punct root The DET alphabet NOUN ( PUNCT script NOUN ) PUNCT used VERB to PART write VERB that DET language NOUN , PUNCT with ADP rounded VERB letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 alphabet det 2 alphabet alphabet NOUN Number=Sing 6 used nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 script punct 4 script script NOUN Number=Sing 2 alphabet appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 script punct 6 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 write mark 8 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 used xcomp 9 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 language det 10 language language NOUN Number=Sing 8 write obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 letters punct 12 with with ADP _ 14 letters case 13 rounded round VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 letters amod 14 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 8 write obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the alphabet vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 write to-infinitive the alphabet not said here that language with rounded letters vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Theme 3 round participle vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 My friend Anu speaks Malayalam with her grandparents.
nmod:poss nsubj appos obj case nmod:poss obl punct root My PRON friend NOUN Anu PROPN speaks VERB Malayalam PROPN with ADP her PRON grandparents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 speaks nsubj 3 Anu Anu PROPN Number=Sing 2 friend appos 4 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 Malayalam Malayalam PROPN Number=Sing 4 speaks obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 grandparents case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 grandparents nmod:poss 8 grandparents grandparent NOUN Number=Plur 4 speaks obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present My friend Malayalam with friend's grandparents tree rules
Example 2 Malayalam is the main language of Kerala in India.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod case nmod punct root Malayalam NOUN is AUX the DET main ADJ language NOUN of ADP Kerala PROPN in ADP India PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malayalam malayalam NOUN Number=Sing 5 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 language cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 language det 4 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 5 language amod 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 Kerala case 7 Kerala Kerala PROPN Number=Sing 5 language nmod 8 in in ADP _ 9 India case 9 India India PROPN Number=Sing 7 Kerala nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malayalam the main language of Kerala in India tree rules
Example 3 Malayalam has its own script with curly letters.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case amod nmod punct root Malayalam NOUN has VERB its PRON own ADJ script NOUN with ADP curly ADJ letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malayalam malayalam NOUN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 script nmod:poss 4 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 5 script amod 5 script script NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 letters case 7 curly curly ADJ Degree=Pos 8 letters amod 8 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 script nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Malayalam Malayalam's own script with curly letters vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent script=Patient 2 script Malayalam with curly letters nom script «communication transitive»: poss=agent with=obl
Example 4 «Malayalam» is a palindrome: it reads the same backwards.
punct nsubj punct cop det punct nsubj acl:relcl det obj advmod punct root « PUNCT Malayalam NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET palindrome NOUN : PUNCT it PRON reads VERB the DET same ADJ backwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Malayalam punct 2 Malayalam malayalam NOUN Number=Sing 6 palindrome nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Malayalam punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 palindrome cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 palindrome det 6 palindrome palindrome NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 reads punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 reads nsubj 9 reads read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 palindrome acl:relcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 same det 11 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 9 reads obj 12 backwards backwards ADV _ 9 reads advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 palindrome punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malayalam a palindrome tree rules 2 read present Malayalam the same backwards property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Topic
Example 5 There is a Malayalam film festival in our city.
expl det compound compound nsubj case nmod:poss nmod punct root There PRON is VERB a DET Malayalam NOUN film NOUN festival NOUN in ADP our PRON city NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 festival det 4 Malayalam malayalam NOUN Number=Sing 6 festival compound 5 film film NOUN Number=Sing 6 festival compound 6 festival festival NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 7 in in ADP _ 9 city case 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 city nmod:poss 9 city city NOUN Number=Sing 6 festival nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a Malayalam film festival in our city there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Malayalam and Tamil are related languages.
nsubj cc conj cop amod punct root Malayalam NOUN and CCONJ Tamil ADJ are AUX related ADJ languages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malayalam malayalam NOUN Number=Sing 6 languages nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 Tamil cc 3 Tamil Tamil ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Malayalam conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 languages cop 5 related related ADJ Degree=Pos 6 languages amod 6 languages language NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 languages punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malayalam related languages tree rules
Example 7 We learned to say «hello» in Malayalam: «namaskaram».
nsubj mark xcomp punct obj punct case obl punct punct parataxis punct punct root We PRON learned VERB to PART say VERB « PUNCT hello INTJ » PUNCT in ADP Malayalam PROPN : PUNCT « PUNCT namaskaram NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 say mark 4 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 learned xcomp 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 hello punct 6 hello hello INTJ _ 4 say obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 hello punct 8 in in ADP _ 9 Malayalam case 9 Malayalam Malayalam PROPN Number=Sing 4 say obl 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 namaskaram punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 namaskaram punct 12 namaskaram namaskaram NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 namaskaram punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past We vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive We not said here Malayalam vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent hello=Theme in malayalam=Manner
Example 8 Many nurses in Ireland come from Kerala and speak Malayalam.
amod nsubj case nmod case obl cc conj obj punct root Many ADJ nurses NOUN in ADP Ireland PROPN come VERB from ADP Kerala PROPN and CCONJ speak VERB Malayalam PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 nurses amod 2 nurses nurse NOUN Number=Plur 5 come nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Ireland case 4 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 2 nurses nmod 5 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 7 Kerala case 7 Kerala Kerala PROPN Number=Sing 5 come obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 speak cc 9 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 come conj 10 Malayalam Malayalam PROPN Number=Sing 9 speak obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Many nurses in Ireland Kerala vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from kerala=Initial_Location 2 speak speech: other infinitive Many nurses in Ireland not said here Malayalam tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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