massacre Who acts: massacre, many people, History books, Soldiers, team, Dad · What happens: be, not defend, massacre, mean, perform, remember · To what, where: cruel killing, people, way, heavy defeat, sport, massacre · Speech: someone speaks here
«massacre» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: massacre in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A massacre is the cruel killing of many people who cannot defend themselves.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl obj punct root A DET massacre NOUN is AUX the DET cruel ADJ killing NOUN of ADP many ADJ people NOUN who PRON can AUX not PART defend VERB themselves PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 massacre det 2 massacre massacre NOUN Number=Sing 6 killing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 killing cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 killing det 5 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 6 killing amod 6 killing killing NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 people case 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 people amod 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 killing nmod 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 defend nsubj 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 defend aux 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 defend advmod 13 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 people acl:relcl 14 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 13 defend obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 killing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a massacre the cruel killing of many people tree rules 2 not defend can many people people vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To massacre people is to kill many of them in this way.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj case nmod case det obl punct root To PART massacre VERB people NOUN is AUX to PART kill VERB many ADJ of ADP them PRON in ADP this DET way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 massacre mark 2 massacre massacre VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 kill advcl 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 massacre obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 kill cop 5 to to PART _ 6 kill mark 6 kill kill VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 kill obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 them case 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 many nmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 way case 11 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 12 way det 12 way way NOUN Number=Sing 6 kill obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 kill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 massacre to-infinitive people vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 2 is present this way kill property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
In sport and games a massacre is a very heavy defeat: «It was a massacre: ten–nil!».
The tree, 17 words case obl cc conj det conj cop det advmod amod punct punct nsubj cop det conj punct appos punct appos punct punct punct root In ADP sport NOUN and CCONJ games NOUN a DET massacre NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV heavy ADJ defeat NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON was AUX a DET massacre NOUN : PUNCT ten NUM – PUNCT nil NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 sport case 2 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 11 defeat obl 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 games cc 4 games game NOUN Number=Plur 2 sport conj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 massacre det 6 massacre massacre NOUN Number=Sing 4 games conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 defeat cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 defeat det 9 very very ADV _ 10 heavy advmod 10 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 defeat amod 11 defeat defeat NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 : : PUNCT _ 17 massacre punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 17 massacre punct 14 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 massacre nsubj 15 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 massacre cop 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 massacre det 17 massacre massacre NOUN Number=Sing 11 defeat conj 18 : : PUNCT _ 19 ten punct 19 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 17 massacre appos 20 – - PUNCT _ 21 nil punct 21 nil nil NOUN Number=Sing 19 ten appos 22 ! ! PUNCT _ 21 nil punct 23 » » PUNCT _ 19 ten punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 11 defeat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a heavy defeat and a massacre sport and games and a massacre tree rules 2 is a in a quote past massacre a massacre tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To massacre a song or a language means to perform it very badly.
mark csubj det obj cc det conj mark xcomp obj advmod advmod punct root To PART massacre VERB a DET song NOUN or CCONJ a DET language NOUN means VERB to PART perform VERB it PRON very ADV badly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 massacre mark 2 massacre massacre VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 song det 4 song song NOUN Number=Sing 2 massacre obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 language cc 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 language det 7 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 song conj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 perform mark 10 perform perform VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means xcomp 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 perform obj 12 very very ADV _ 13 badly advmod 13 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 10 perform advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 massacre to-infinitive a song or a language vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 perform not said to happen to-infinitive language badly property vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 1 The massacre is remembered every year with a minute of silence.
det nsubj aux:pass det obl:unmarked case det obl case nmod punct root The DET massacre NOUN is AUX remembered VERB every DET year NOUN with ADP a DET minute NOUN of ADP silence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 massacre det 2 massacre massacre NOUN Number=Sing 4 remembered nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 remembered aux:pass 4 remembered remember VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 year det 6 year year NOUN Number=Sing 4 remembered obl:unmarked 7 with with ADP _ 9 minute case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 minute det 9 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 4 remembered obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 silence case 11 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 9 minute nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 remembered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remember present · passive the massacre minute; year vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme
Example 2 History books tell of massacres in many wars.
compound nsubj case obl case amod obl punct root History NOUN books NOUN tell VERB of ADP massacres NOUN in ADP many ADJ wars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 History history NOUN Number=Sing 2 books compound 2 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 tell nsubj 3 tell tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 massacres case 5 massacres massacre NOUN Number=Plur 3 tell obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 wars case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 wars amod 8 wars war NOUN Number=Plur 3 tell obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present History books many wars of massacres vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Soldiers massacred the people of the village.
nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root Soldiers NOUN massacred VERB the DET people NOUN of ADP the DET village NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 2 massacred nsubj 2 massacred massacre VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 people det 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 massacred obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 village case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 village det 7 village village NOUN Number=Sing 4 people nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 massacred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 massacre past Soldiers the people of the village vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
Example 4 Our team lost twelve–nil; it was a massacre.
nmod:poss nsubj nummod punct obj punct nsubj cop det obl punct root Our PRON team NOUN lost VERB twelve NUM – PUNCT nil NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON was AUX a DET massacre NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost nsubj 3 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 nil nummod 5 – - PUNCT _ 6 nil punct 6 nil nil NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost obj 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 massacre punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 massacre nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 massacre cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 massacre det 11 massacre massacre NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past Our team twelve nil vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nil=Eventuality 2 is a past team a massacre tree rules
Example 5 (informal) Dad massacred that song at karaoke.
punct advcl punct nsubj det obj case obl punct root ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT Dad PROPN massacred VERB that DET song NOUN at ADP karaoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 massacred punct 2 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 massacred advcl 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 4 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 5 massacred nsubj 5 massacred massacre VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 song det 7 song song NOUN Number=Sing 5 massacred obj 8 at at ADP _ 9 karaoke case 9 karaoke karaoke NOUN Number=Sing 5 massacred obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 massacred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 massacre past Dad that song karaoke vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Patient
Example 6 We learned how survivors told the story of the massacre.
nsubj advmod nsubj advcl det obj case det nmod punct root We PRON learned VERB how ADV survivors NOUN told VERB the DET story NOUN of ADP the DET massacre NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 told advmod 4 survivors survivor NOUN Number=Plur 5 told nsubj 5 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 learned advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 story det 7 story story NOUN Number=Sing 5 told obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 massacre case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 massacre det 10 massacre massacre NOUN Number=Sing 7 story nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past We vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 tell speech: assert past survivors the story of the massacre vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient
Example 7 Memorials help people remember victims of massacres.
nsubj obj xcomp obj case nmod punct root Memorials NOUN help VERB people NOUN remember VERB victims NOUN of ADP massacres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Memorials memorial NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 help obj 4 remember remember VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 help xcomp 5 victims victim NOUN Number=Plur 4 remember obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 massacres case 7 massacres massacre NOUN Number=Plur 5 victims nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Memorials people vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 remember infinitive people not said here victims of massacres vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent victim=Theme
Example 8 (informal) Sorry, I massacred the French pronunciation.
punct amod punct discourse punct nsubj det amod obj punct root ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT Sorry INTJ , PUNCT I PRON massacred VERB the DET French ADJ pronunciation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 2 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Sorry amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 4 Sorry sorry INTJ _ 7 massacred discourse 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 Sorry punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 massacred nsubj 7 massacred massacre VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 pronunciation det 9 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 10 pronunciation amod 10 pronunciation pronunciation NOUN Number=Sing 7 massacred obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 massacred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 massacre past I the French pronunciation vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pronunciation=Patient
Example 9 It is no part of ours to describe what was a massacre rather than a fight.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det case nmod mark acl nsubj cop det ccomp cc fixed det conj punct root It PRON is AUX no DET part NOUN of ADP ours PRON to PART describe VERB what PRON was AUX a DET massacre NOUN rather ADV than ADP a DET fight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 part nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 part cop 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 part det 4 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 ours case 6 ours our PRON Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 part nmod 7 to to PART _ 8 describe mark 8 describe describe VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 part acl 9 what what PRON PronType=Int 12 massacre nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 massacre cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 massacre det 12 massacre massacre NOUN Number=Sing 8 describe ccomp 13 rather rather ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 16 fight cc 14 than than ADP _ 13 rather fixed 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 fight det 16 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing 12 massacre conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It no part of ours tree rules 2 describe to-infinitive vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 3 is a past a massacre rather a fight tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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