minus Who acts: Minus, 7 minus, sign, number, temperature, you · What happens: mean, take away, be, write, get, test · To what, where: 4, −, zero, bad point, 10 minus, 3 degrees · Speech: someone speaks here
«minus» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: minus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Minus means take away. 7 minus 3 is 4.
Sentence 1: Minus means take away.
nsubj ccomp advmod punct root Minus PROPN means VERB take VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Minus Minus PROPN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 means ccomp 4 away away ADV _ 3 take advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Minus vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 take away infinitive away property vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: 7 minus 3 is 4.
nummod nsubj flat cop punct root 7 NUM minus NOUN 3 NUM is AUX 4 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 minus nummod 2 minus minus NOUN _ 5 4 nsubj 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 minus flat 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 4 cop 5 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 4 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present 7 minus 4 tree rules
Meaning 2 The sign for minus is −.
det nsubj case nmod cop punct root The DET sign NOUN for ADP minus NOUN is AUX − PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 6 − nsubj 3 for for ADP _ 4 minus case 4 minus minus NOUN _ 2 sign nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 − cop 6 − − PROPN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 − punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the sign for minus − tree rules
Meaning 3 Minus before a number means below zero: minus 5 degrees.
cc mark det nsubj advmod obj punct cc nummod obl:unmarked punct root Minus CCONJ before SCONJ a DET number NOUN means VERB below ADV zero NUM : PUNCT minus CCONJ 5 NUM degrees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Minus minus CCONJ _ 5 means cc 2 before before SCONJ _ 5 means mark 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 number det 4 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 below below ADV _ 7 zero advmod 7 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 means obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 degrees punct 9 minus minus CCONJ _ 10 5 cc 10 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 degrees nummod 11 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 5 means obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a number zero 5 degrees obl:unmarked vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zero=Topic
Meaning 4 A minus is a bad point, a disadvantage: «pluses and minuses».
The tree, 11 words det nsubj cop det amod punct det appos punct punct appos cc conj punct punct root A DET minus NOUN is AUX a DET bad ADJ point NOUN , PUNCT a DET disadvantage NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT pluses NOUN and CCONJ minuses NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 minus det 2 minus minus NOUN _ 6 point nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 point cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 point det 5 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 point amod 6 point point NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 disadvantage punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 disadvantage det 9 disadvantage disadvantage NOUN Number=Sing 6 point appos 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 pluses punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 pluses punct 12 pluses plus NOUN Number=Plur 6 point appos 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 minuses cc 14 minuses minus NOUN Number=Plur 12 pluses conj 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 pluses punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a minus a bad point tree rules
Meaning 5 After a grade, minus means a bit lower.
case det obl punct nsubj det obl:unmarked ccomp punct root After ADP a DET grade NOUN , PUNCT minus PRON means VERB a DET bit NOUN lower ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 grade case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 grade det 3 grade grade NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 grade punct 5 minus minus PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 means nsubj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bit det 8 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 9 lower obl:unmarked 9 lower low ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 means ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present minus after a grade vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
B minus.
flat punct root B NOUN minus PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 B B NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 minus minus PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 B flat 3 . . PUNCT _ 1 B punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 What is 10 minus 4?
cop nummod nsubj flat punct root What PRON is AUX 10 NUM minus NOUN 4 NUM ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 minus cop 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 minus nummod 4 minus minus NOUN _ 1 What nsubj 5 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 minus flat 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present 10 minus tree rules
Example 2 15 minus 6 equals 9.
case nummod nmod flat punct root 15 NUM minus ADP 6 NUM equals NOUN 9 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 2 minus minus ADP _ 4 equals case 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 equals nummod 4 equals equal NOUN Number=Plur 1 15 nmod 5 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 equals flat 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 15 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 The temperature was minus 3 degrees.
det nsubj cop advmod nummod punct root The DET temperature NOUN was AUX minus ADV 3 NUM degrees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 temperature det 2 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 6 degrees nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 degrees cop 4 minus minus ADV _ 6 degrees advmod 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 degrees nummod 6 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 degrees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the temperature 3 degrees minus property tree rules
Example 4 Twenty minus eight is twelve.
compound case nmod cop punct root Twenty NUM minus ADP eight NUM is AUX twelve NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 twelve compound 2 minus minus ADP _ 3 eight case 3 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 1 Twenty nmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 twelve cop 5 twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 twelve punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Twenty twelve tree rules
Example 5 Write a minus sign between the numbers.
det amod obj case det nmod punct root Write VERB a DET minus ADJ sign NOUN between ADP the DET numbers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sign det 3 minus minus ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sign amod 4 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 5 between between ADP _ 7 numbers case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 numbers det 7 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 4 sign nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here a minus sign between the numbers vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Theme
Example 6 I got a B minus on my spelling test.
nsubj det compound obj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root I PRON got VERB a DET B NOUN minus NOUN on ADP my PRON spelling NOUN test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 minus det 4 B B NOUN Number=Sing 5 minus compound 5 minus minus NOUN _ 2 got obj 6 on on ADP _ 9 test case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 test nmod:poss 8 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 9 test compound 9 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past I a B minus my spelling test vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent minus=Theme on test=Source 2 test my nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 One minus of the trip is the long drive.
nummod nsubj case det nmod cop det amod punct root One NUM minus NOUN of ADP the DET trip NOUN is AUX the DET long ADJ drive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 minus nummod 2 minus minus NOUN _ 9 drive nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 trip case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trip det 5 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 minus nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 drive cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 drive det 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 drive amod 9 drive drive NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 drive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present One minus of the trip the long drive tree rules
Example 8 Count down: 3, 2, 1, 0, minus 1.
compound:prt punct obl punct flat punct conj punct appos punct advmod obl punct root Count VERB down ADP : PUNCT 3 NUM , PUNCT 2 NUM , PUNCT 1 NUM , PUNCT 0 NUM , PUNCT minus ADV 1 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Count count VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 down down ADP _ 1 Count compound:prt 3 : : PUNCT _ 4 3 punct 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Count obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 2 punct 6 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 3 flat 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 1 punct 8 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 3 conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 0 punct 10 0 0 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 3 appos 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 1 punct 12 minus minus ADV _ 13 1 advmod 13 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Count obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Count punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count down imperative you not said here 3 1 obl vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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