modelling

Who acts: job, fashion model, simplified version, something, Showing, We · What happens: make, copy, wear, job, show, work · To what, where: models, things, clothes, simplified version, others, it · Speech: someone speaks here

«modelling» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: modelling in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Making models: small copies of things, or shapes from clay, Plasticine or other materials.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	models	model	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Making	obj
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 copies	punct
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 copies	amod
5	copies	copy	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Making	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 things	case
7	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 copies	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 shapes	punct
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 shapes	cc
10	shapes	shape	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 copies	conj
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 clay	case
12	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 shapes	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 Plasticine	punct
14	Plasticine	plasticine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 copies	conj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 materials	cc
16	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 materials	amod
17	materials	material	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 Plasticine	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 copies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		models				small copies of things or shapes from clay and Plasticine or other materials obl	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset model=Product
2	copy			things					nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

The job of a fashion model: wearing clothes for photos or shows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 job	det
2	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 model	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 model	det
5	fashion	fashion	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 model	compound
6	model	model	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 job	nmod
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 wearing	punct
8	wearing	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 job	acl
9	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	8 wearing	obj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 photos	case
11	photos	photo	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 wearing	obl
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 shows	cc
13	shows	show	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 photos	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 job	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	gerund	the job of a fashion model not said here	clothes				for photos or shows	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent clothes=Source
2	job		a fashion model						nom job «act intransitive»: of=agent

Meaning 3

Usage: science, maths — kept apart, not parsed.

Making a simplified version or a set of rules (a model) that shows how something works, often on a computer, to predict things.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 version	det
3	simplified	simplified	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 version	amod
4	version	version	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Making	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 set	cc
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 set	det
7	set	set	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 version	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 rules	case
9	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 set	nmod
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	12 model	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 model	det
12	model	model	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rules	appos
13	)	)	PUNCT	_	12 model	punct
14	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 shows	nsubj
15	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 version	acl:relcl
16	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	18 works	advmod
17	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	18 works	nsubj
18	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 shows	ccomp
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 computer	punct
20	often	often	ADV	_	23 computer	advmod
21	on	on	ADP	_	23 computer	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 computer	det
23	computer	computer	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 works	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 predict	punct
25	to	to	PART	_	26 predict	mark
26	predict	predict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 works	conj
27	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 predict	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Making	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		a simplified version or a set of rules		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset version=Product
2	show	present	a simplified version or a set of rules			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	work	present	something		on a computer	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on computer=Theme
4	predict	to-infinitive	something not said here	things		vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Topic

Meaning 4

Usage: behaviour — kept apart, not parsed.

Showing others how to behave by doing it yourself: «modelling good manners».

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Showing	show	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 behave	csubj
2	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Showing	obj
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 behave	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 behave	mark
5	behave	behave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 doing	mark
7	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 behave	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 doing	obj
9	yourself	yourself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 doing	obl
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 modelling	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 modelling	punct
12	modelling	modelling	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 behave	parataxis
13	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 manners	amod
14	manners	manners	NOUN	Number=Ptan	12 modelling	obj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 modelling	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 behave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	gerund		others		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent other=Recipient
2	behave	to-infinitive	Showing			tree rules
3	do	gerund	Showing not said here	it	yourself obl	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
4	modelling in a quote	gerund		good manners		tree rules

Example 1

We did clay modelling in art today.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 did	nsubj
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 modelling	compound
4	modelling	modelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 art	case
6	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obl
7	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obl:unmarked
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	We	clay modelling		art	today		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent modelling=Eventuality

Example 2

Weather forecasts use computer modelling.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forecasts	compound
2	forecasts	forecast	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	nsubj
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	computer	computer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 modelling	compound
5	modelling	modelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 use	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Weather forecasts	computer modelling					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent modelling=Patient

Example 3

My cousin does modelling for a clothes catalogue.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 does	nsubj
3	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	modelling	modelling	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 does	xcomp
5	for	for	SCONJ	_	8 catalogue	mark
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 clothes	det
7	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	8 catalogue	nsubj
8	catalogue	catalogue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 modelling	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 does	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	do	present	My cousin	tree rules
2	modelling	gerund	My cousin not said here	tree rules
3	catalogue	present	a clothes	vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 4

The teacher is modelling how to set out a long division.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 modelling	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 modelling	aux
4	modelling	modelling	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	7 set	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 set	mark
7	set	set	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 modelling	ccomp
8	out	out	ADP	_	7 set	compound:prt
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 division	det
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 division	amod
11	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 set	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 modelling	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	modelling	present · progressive	the teacher						tree rules
2	set out	to-infinitive	the teacher not said here	a long division					tree rules

Example 5

Modelling the Solar System with balls showed us the sizes of the planets.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Modelling	modelling	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 showed	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 System	det
3	Solar	Solar	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 System	compound
4	System	System	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Modelling	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 balls	case
6	balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Modelling	obl
7	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 showed	iobj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sizes	det
10	sizes	size	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 showed	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 planets	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 planets	det
13	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 sizes	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 showed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	modelling	gerund		the Solar System				with balls	tree rules
2	show	past	Modelling	the sizes of the planets	us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient size=Topic

Example 6

Modelling kind behaviour helps younger children learn.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Modelling	modelling	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 helps	csubj
2	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 behaviour	amod
3	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Modelling	obj
4	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 children	amod
6	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 learn	nsubj
7	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 helps	ccomp
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	modelling	gerund		kind behaviour	tree rules
2	help	present	Modelling		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	learn	present	younger children		vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

Maths modelling turns a word problem into an equation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Maths	math	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 modelling	compound
2	modelling	modelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	nsubj
3	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 problem	det
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 problem	compound
6	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	obj
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 equation	case
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 equation	det
9	equation	equation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 turns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Maths modelling	a word problem		a equation			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent problem=Theme into equation=Trajectory

Example 8

Dad spends weekends modelling a tiny railway.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spends	nsubj
2	spends	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	weekends	weekend	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spends	obj
4	modelling	modelling	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 weekends	acl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 railway	det
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 railway	amod
7	railway	railway	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 modelling	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spends	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	present	Dad				weekend		vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	modelling	gerund	weekends not said here	a tiny railway					tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/modelling/