mourn Who acts: someone, it, We, Grandpa, whole country, family · What happens: mourn, be, show, die, lose, wear · To what, where: deep sadness, something, end, queen, mourning, those · Speech: someone speaks here
«mourn» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mourn in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To mourn is to feel and show deep sadness because someone has died.
mark csubj cop mark cc conj amod obj mark nsubj aux ccomp punct root To PART mourn VERB is AUX to PART feel VERB and CCONJ show VERB deep ADJ sadness NOUN because SCONJ someone PRON has AUX died VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 mourn mark 2 mourn mourn VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 feel csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 feel cop 4 to to PART _ 5 feel mark 5 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 show cc 7 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 feel conj 8 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sadness amod 9 sadness sadness NOUN Number=Sing 7 show obj 10 because because SCONJ _ 13 died mark 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 died nsubj 12 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 died aux 13 died die VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 show ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mourn to-infinitive vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present feel property tree rules 3 show infinitive deep sadness vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient clause=Topic 4 die present · perfect someone vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To mourn something is to feel sad that it is gone or lost: «We mourned the end of the holidays».
The tree, 20 words mark csubj obj cop mark xcomp mark nsubj cop advcl cc conj punct punct nsubj conj det obj case det nmod punct punct root To PART mourn VERB something PRON is AUX to PART feel VERB sad ADJ that SCONJ it PRON is AUX gone ADJ or CCONJ lost VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT We PRON mourned VERB the DET end NOUN of ADP the DET holidays NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 mourn mark 2 mourn mourn VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 feel csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 mourn obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 feel cop 5 to to PART _ 6 feel mark 6 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 feel xcomp 8 that that SCONJ _ 11 gone mark 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 gone nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 gone cop 11 gone gone ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sad advcl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 lost cc 13 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 gone conj 14 : : PUNCT _ 17 mourned punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 mourned punct 16 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 17 mourned nsubj 17 mourned mourn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 feel conj 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 end det 19 end end NOUN Number=Sing 17 mourned obj 20 of of ADP _ 22 holidays case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 holidays det 22 holidays holiday NOUN Number=Plur 19 end nmod 23 » » PUNCT _ 17 mourned punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mourn to-infinitive something vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 is present feel, sad property tree rules 3 is present it gone property tree rules 4 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 mourn in a quote past We the end of the holidays vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus
Example 1 We all mourned when Grandpa died.
nsubj advmod advmod nsubj ccomp punct root We PRON all DET mourned VERB when ADV Grandpa PROPN died VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 mourned nsubj 2 all all DET PronType=Tot 3 mourned advmod 3 mourned mourn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 died advmod 5 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 6 died nsubj 6 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 mourned ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 mourned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mourn past We vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 die past Grandpa vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 2 The whole country mourned the queen.
det amod nsubj det obj punct root The DET whole ADJ country NOUN mourned VERB the DET queen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 country det 2 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 3 country amod 3 country country NOUN Number=Sing 4 mourned nsubj 4 mourned mourn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 queen det 6 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 4 mourned obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 mourned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mourn past the whole country the queen vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer queen=Stimulus
Example 3 The family wore black to show they were in mourning.
det nsubj xcomp mark advcl nsubj cop case ccomp punct root The DET family NOUN wore VERB black ADJ to PART show VERB they PRON were AUX in ADP mourning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 family det 2 family family NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore nsubj 3 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 3 wore xcomp 5 to to PART _ 6 show mark 6 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 wore advcl 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 mourning nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 mourning cop 9 in in ADP _ 10 mourning case 10 mourning mourning NOUN Number=Sing 6 show ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the family black property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent 2 show to-infinitive the family not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is past they mourning tree rules
Example 4 The girl mourned for her lost cat.
det nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root The DET girl NOUN mourned VERB for ADP her PRON lost VERB cat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 girl det 2 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 3 mourned nsubj 3 mourned mourn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 7 cat case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 cat nmod:poss 6 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 cat amod 7 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 mourned obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 mourned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mourn past the girl for girl's lost cat vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for cat=Attribute 2 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Jesus said, «Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted».
The tree, 12 words nsubj punct punct ccomp aux:pass nsubj:pass nsubj acl:relcl punct mark nsubj:pass aux aux:pass advcl punct punct root Jesus PROPN said VERB , PUNCT « PUNCT Blessed VERB are AUX those PRON who PRON mourn VERB , PUNCT for SCONJ they PRON shall AUX be AUX comforted VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 2 said nsubj 2 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Blessed punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 Blessed punct 5 Blessed bless VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 said ccomp 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 Blessed aux:pass 7 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 Blessed nsubj:pass 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 mourn nsubj 9 mourn mourn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 those acl:relcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 comforted punct 11 for for SCONJ _ 15 comforted mark 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 comforted nsubj:pass 13 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 comforted aux 14 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 15 comforted aux:pass 15 comforted comfort VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 Blessed advcl 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 comforted punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Jesus vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 bless in a quote present · passive those vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 3 mourn in a quote present vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 comfort in a quote shall · passive they vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
Example 6 Jewish families mourn together for seven days, called shiva.
amod nsubj advmod case nummod obl punct acl xcomp punct root Jewish ADJ families NOUN mourn VERB together ADV for ADP seven NUM days NOUN , PUNCT called VERB shiva NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jewish Jewish ADJ Degree=Pos 2 families amod 2 families family NOUN Number=Plur 3 mourn nsubj 3 mourn mourn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 together together ADV _ 3 mourn advmod 5 for for ADP _ 7 days case 6 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 days nummod 7 days day NOUN Number=Plur 3 mourn obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 called punct 9 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 days acl 10 shiva shiva NOUN Number=Sing 9 called xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 mourn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mourn present Jewish families day together property vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 call participle seven days not said here shiva vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 It is natural to cry when you mourn.
expl cop mark csubj advmod nsubj advcl punct root It PRON is AUX natural ADJ to PART cry VERB when ADV you PRON mourn VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 natural expl 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 natural cop 3 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 cry mark 5 cry cry VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 natural csubj 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 mourn advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 mourn nsubj 8 mourn mourn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 cry advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 natural punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present natural property tree rules 2 cry speech: express to-infinitive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 mourn present you vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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