mugging Who acts: mugging, police, someone, you, them, He · What happens: be, rob, mug, mean, pull, mug up · To what, where: attack, public place, someone, ing form, camera, silly faces · Speech: someone speaks here
«mugging» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mugging in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A mugging is an attack in a public place where someone is robbed, often with threats or violence.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det case det amod nmod advmod nsubj aux:pass acl:relcl punct advmod case obl cc conj punct root A DET mugging NOUN is AUX an DET attack NOUN in ADP a DET public ADJ place NOUN where ADV someone PRON is AUX robbed VERB , PUNCT often ADV with ADP threats NOUN or CCONJ violence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 mugging det 2 mugging mugging NOUN Number=Sing 5 attack nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 attack cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 attack det 5 attack attack NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 9 place case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 place det 8 public public ADJ Degree=Pos 9 place amod 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 attack nmod 10 where where ADV PronType=Rel 13 robbed advmod 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 robbed nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 robbed aux:pass 13 robbed rob VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 place acl:relcl 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 threats punct 15 often often ADV _ 17 threats advmod 16 with with ADP _ 17 threats case 17 threats threat NOUN Number=Plur 13 robbed obl 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 violence cc 19 violence violence NOUN Number=Sing 17 threats conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 attack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a mugging a attack a public place tree rules 2 rob present · passive someone with threats or violence vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Mugging is the -ing form of «mug» (to rob).
The tree, 9 words nsubj cop det punct compound case punct nmod punct punct case parataxis punct punct root Mugging NOUN is AUX the DET - PUNCT ing NOUN form NOUN of ADP « PUNCT mug NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT to ADP rob VERB ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mugging mugging NOUN Number=Sing 6 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 form cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 form det 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 the punct 5 ing ing NOUN Number=Sing 6 form compound 6 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 mug case 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 mug punct 9 mug mug NOUN Number=Sing 6 form nmod 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 mug punct 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 rob punct 12 to to ADP _ 13 rob case 13 rob rob VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 form parataxis 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 rob punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mugging the ing form of mug tree rules 2 rob infinitive vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Mugging (for the camera) means pulling silly faces.
csubj punct case det obj punct xcomp amod obj punct root Mugging VERB ( PUNCT for ADP the DET camera NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB pulling VERB silly ADJ faces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mugging mug VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 means csubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 camera punct 3 for for ADP _ 5 camera case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 camera det 5 camera camera NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mugging obj 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 camera punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 pulling pull VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 means xcomp 9 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 10 faces amod 10 faces face NOUN Number=Plur 8 pulling obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mug gerund the camera tree rules 2 mean present Mugging vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 pull not said to happen gerund Mugging not said here silly faces vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Theme
Meaning 4 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
Mugging up means studying hard quickly, cramming.
csubj compound:prt xcomp advmod advmod punct conj punct root Mugging VERB up ADP means VERB studying VERB hard ADV quickly ADV , PUNCT cramming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mugging mug VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means csubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Mugging compound:prt 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 studying study VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means xcomp 5 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 4 studying advmod 6 quickly quickly ADV _ 4 studying advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 cramming punct 8 cramming cram VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 studying conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mug up gerund tree rules 2 mean present Mugging vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 study not said to happen gerund Mugging not said here hard, quickly property vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 cram gerund Mugging not said here vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 There was a mugging near the station last night.
expl det nsubj case det obl amod obl:unmarked punct root There PRON was VERB a DET mugging NOUN near ADP the DET station NOUN last ADJ night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 mugging det 4 mugging mugging NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 near near ADP _ 7 station case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 station det 7 station station NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl 8 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 9 night amod 9 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a mugging the station; there night vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near station=Location
Example 2 The police are looking for the people behind the mugging.
det nsubj aux case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET police NOUN are AUX looking VERB for ADP the DET people NOUN behind ADP the DET mugging NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 police det 2 police police NOUN Number=Plur 4 looking nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 looking aux 4 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 people case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 people det 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 looking obl 8 behind behind ADP _ 10 mugging case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 mugging det 10 mugging mugging NOUN Number=Sing 7 people nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 looking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present · progressive the police for the people behind the mugging vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for people=Theme
Example 3 If someone tries mugging you, let them take your things and get away safely.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj advcl xcomp obj punct obj xcomp nmod:poss obj cc conj advmod advmod punct root If SCONJ someone PRON tries VERB mugging VERB you PRON , PUNCT let VERB them PRON take VERB your PRON things NOUN and CCONJ get VERB away ADV safely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 tries mark 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 tries nsubj 3 tries try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 let advcl 4 mugging mug VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 tries xcomp 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 mugging obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 tries punct 7 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 let obj 9 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 let xcomp 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 things nmod:poss 11 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 take obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 get cc 13 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 take conj 14 away away ADV _ 13 get advmod 15 safely safely ADV _ 13 get advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try a condition, not said to happen present someone vn try-61.1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 mug not said to happen gerund someone not said here you tree rules 3 let imperative you not said here them = they tree rules 4 take infinitive them = they not said here your things vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme 5 get away infinitive them = they not said here away, safely property vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 He was mugging for the camera.
nsubj aux case det obl punct root He PRON was AUX mugging VERB for ADP the DET camera NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 mugging nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 mugging aux 3 mugging mug VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 camera case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 camera det 6 camera camera NOUN Number=Sing 3 mugging obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 mugging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mug past · progressive He for the camera tree rules
Example 5 I'm mugging up on my spellings.
nsubj aux compound:prt case nmod:poss obl punct root I PRON 'm AUX mugging VERB up ADP on ADP my PRON spellings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 mugging nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 mugging aux 3 mugging mug VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 mugging compound:prt 5 on on ADP _ 7 spellings case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 spellings nmod:poss 7 spellings spelling NOUN Number=Plur 3 mugging obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 mugging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mug up present · progressive I my spellings tree rules 2 spell my nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Muggings are less common in busy, well-lit streets.
nsubj cop advmod case obl punct discourse punct amod obl punct root Muggings NOUN are AUX less ADV common ADJ in ADP busy ADJ , PUNCT well INTJ - PUNCT lit VERB streets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Muggings mugging NOUN Number=Plur 4 common nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 common cop 3 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 4 common advmod 4 common common ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 busy case 6 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 common obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 streets punct 8 well well INTJ _ 11 streets discourse 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 well punct 10 lit lit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 streets amod 11 streets street NOUN Number=Plur 4 common obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 common punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Muggings busy lit streets obl ; common, less property tree rules 2 lit participle tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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