orange Who acts: orange, They, She, sacks, He, I · What happens: be, grow, harvest, buy, have, peel · To what, where: round juicy fruit, tree, color, 65 sacks, 12 oranges, 6 orange marbles
«orange» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: orange in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An orange is a round, juicy fruit with a thick skin; it grows on a tree.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case det amod nmod punct nsubj advcl case det obl punct root An DET orange NOUN is AUX a DET round ADJ , PUNCT juicy ADJ fruit NOUN with ADP a DET thick ADJ skin NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON grows VERB on ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 orange det 2 orange orange NOUN Number=Sing 8 fruit nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 fruit cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 fruit det 5 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 8 fruit amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 round punct 7 juicy juicy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 fruit amod 8 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 with with ADP _ 12 skin case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 skin det 11 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 12 skin amod 12 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 8 fruit nmod 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 grows punct 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 grows nsubj 15 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 fruit advcl 16 on on ADP _ 18 tree case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 tree det 18 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 15 grows obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 fruit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a orange a round juicy fruit with a thick skin tree rules 2 grow present orange a tree vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Orange is a color between red and yellow, like the color of carrots and pumpkins.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj punct case det appos case nmod cc conj punct root Orange ADJ is AUX a DET color NOUN between ADP red ADJ and CCONJ yellow ADJ , PUNCT like ADP the DET color NOUN of ADP carrots NOUN and CCONJ pumpkins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Orange Orange ADJ Degree=Pos 4 color nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 color cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 color det 4 color color NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 between between ADP _ 6 red case 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 4 color nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 yellow cc 8 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 6 red conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 color punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 color case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 color det 12 color color NOUN Number=Sing 4 color appos 13 of of ADP _ 14 carrots case 14 carrots carrot NOUN Number=Plur 12 color nmod 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 pumpkins cc 16 pumpkins pumpkin NOUN Number=Plur 14 carrots conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 color punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Orange a color between red tree rules
Example 1 They harvest 65 sacks of oranges each day.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod det obl:unmarked punct root They PRON harvest VERB 65 NUM sacks NOUN of ADP oranges NOUN each DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 harvest nsubj 2 harvest harvest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 65 65 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 sacks nummod 4 sacks sack NOUN Number=Plur 2 harvest obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 oranges case 6 oranges orange NOUN Number=Plur 4 sacks nmod 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 harvest obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 harvest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harvest present They 65 sacks of oranges day tree rules
Example 2 She bought 12 oranges.
nsubj nummod obj punct root She PRON bought VERB 12 NUM oranges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 oranges nummod 4 oranges orange NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past She 12 oranges vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent orange=Theme
Example 3 25 of the sacks are of ripe oranges.
case det nsubj cop case amod nmod punct root 25 NUM of ADP the DET sacks NOUN are AUX of ADP ripe ADJ oranges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 25 25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 2 of of ADP _ 8 oranges case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sacks det 4 sacks sack NOUN Number=Plur 8 oranges nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 oranges cop 6 of of ADP _ 8 oranges case 7 ripe ripe ADJ Degree=Pos 8 oranges amod 8 oranges orange NOUN Number=Plur 1 25 nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 25 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the sacks of ripe oranges tree rules
Example 4 He has 6 orange marbles.
nsubj nummod amod obj punct root He PRON has VERB 6 NUM orange ADJ marbles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 marbles nummod 4 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 5 marbles amod 5 marbles marble NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present He 6 orange marbles vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marble=Patient
Example 5 I peeled an orange and shared it.
nsubj det obj cc conj obj punct root I PRON peeled VERB an DET orange NOUN and CCONJ shared VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 peeled nsubj 2 peeled peel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 orange det 4 orange orange NOUN Number=Sing 2 peeled obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 shared cc 6 shared share VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 peeled conj 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 shared obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 peeled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 peel past I a orange vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent orange=Source 2 share past I not said here orange tree rules
Example 6 Mix red and yellow to make orange.
obj cc conj mark xcomp obj punct root Mix VERB red ADJ and CCONJ yellow ADJ to PART make VERB orange NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mix mix VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Mix obj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 yellow cc 4 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 2 red conj 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 yellow xcomp 7 orange orange NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Mix punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mix imperative you not said here red vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent red=Patient 2 make to-infinitive you not said here orange vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset orange=Product
Example 7 Pumpkins are orange.
nsubj cop punct root Pumpkins NOUN are AUX orange ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pumpkins pumpkin NOUN Number=Plur 3 orange nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 orange cop 3 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 orange punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Pumpkins orange property tree rules
Example 8 A glass of orange juice comes with breakfast.
det nsubj case amod nmod case obl punct root A DET glass NOUN of ADP orange ADJ juice NOUN comes VERB with ADP breakfast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 glass det 2 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 6 comes nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 juice case 4 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 5 juice amod 5 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 2 glass nmod 6 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 with with ADP _ 8 breakfast case 8 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 6 comes obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present a glass of orange juice with breakfast vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 The sky turned orange at sunset.
det nsubj compound:prt case obl punct root The DET sky NOUN turned VERB orange ADP at ADP sunset NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 3 turned nsubj 3 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 orange orange ADP _ 3 turned compound:prt 5 at at ADP _ 6 sunset case 6 sunset sunset NOUN Number=Sing 3 turned obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn orange past the sky sunset vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 10 An orange has about 10 segments.
det nsubj advmod nummod obj punct root An DET orange NOUN has VERB about ADV 10 NUM segments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 orange det 2 orange orange NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADV _ 5 10 advmod 5 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 segments nummod 6 segments segment NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a orange 10 segments vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent segment=Patient
Example 11 He hardly had courage to open his last orange.
nsubj advmod obj mark xcomp nmod:poss amod obj punct root He PRON hardly ADV had VERB courage NOUN to PART open VERB his PRON last ADJ orange NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 had nsubj 2 hardly hardly ADV _ 3 had advmod 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 5 to to PART _ 6 open mark 6 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 had xcomp 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 orange nmod:poss 8 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 9 orange amod 9 orange orange NOUN Number=Sing 6 open obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past He courage hardly property tree rules 2 open to-infinitive courage not said here his last orange vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location orange=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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