pasteurise Who acts: you, Louis, heating, factory, Pregnant women, We · What happens: heat, kill, cool, pasteuris, show, stop · To what, where: drink, harmful germs, temperature, Milk, harmful bacteria, germs · Speech: someone speaks here
«pasteurise» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pasteurise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To heat a drink or food, like milk or juice, to a set temperature for a short time to kill harmful germs, then cool it.
The tree, 25 words mark advcl det obj cc conj punct case obl cc conj punct case det amod obl case det amod nmod mark acl amod obj punct advmod obj punct root To PART heat VERB a DET drink NOUN or CCONJ food NOUN , PUNCT like ADP milk NOUN or CCONJ juice NOUN , PUNCT to ADP a DET set ADJ temperature NOUN for ADP a DET short ADJ time NOUN to PART kill VERB harmful ADJ germs NOUN , PUNCT then ADV cool VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 heat mark 2 heat heat VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 cool advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 drink det 4 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 2 heat obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 food cc 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 drink conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 milk punct 8 like like ADP _ 9 milk case 9 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 heat obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 juice cc 11 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 9 milk conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 temperature punct 13 to to ADP _ 16 temperature case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 temperature det 15 set set ADJ Degree=Pos 16 temperature amod 16 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 2 heat obl 17 for for ADP _ 20 time case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 time det 19 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 20 time amod 20 time time NOUN Number=Sing 16 temperature nmod 21 to to PART _ 22 kill mark 22 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 time acl 23 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 24 germs amod 24 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 22 kill obj 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 cool punct 26 then then ADV PronType=Dem 27 cool advmod 27 cool cool VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 28 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 cool obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 27 cool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heat to-infinitive you not said here a drink or food like milk or juice; to a set temperature for a short time result vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent drink=Patient to temperature=Result 2 kill to-infinitive you not said here harmful germs vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme 3 cool imperative you not said here temperature then vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Milk is pasteurised to kill harmful bacteria.
nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp amod obj punct root Milk NOUN is AUX pasteurised VERB to PART kill VERB harmful ADJ bacteria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 3 pasteurised nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pasteurised aux:pass 3 pasteurised pasteuris VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 kill mark 5 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 pasteurised xcomp 6 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bacteria amod 7 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 5 kill obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 pasteurised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pasteuris present · passive Milk tree rules 2 kill to-infinitive harmful bacteria vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Theme
Example 2 Louis Pasteur showed how heating could stop germs.
nsubj flat advmod nsubj aux ccomp obj punct root Louis PROPN Pasteur PROPN showed VERB how ADV heating NOUN could AUX stop VERB germs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Louis Louis PROPN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 2 Pasteur Pasteur PROPN Number=Sing 1 Louis flat 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 stop advmod 5 heating heating NOUN Number=Sing 7 stop nsubj 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 stop aux 7 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 showed ccomp 8 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 7 stop obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Louis vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stop could heating germs vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality germ=Eventuality
Example 3 The factory pasteurises the apple juice before bottling it.
det nsubj det compound obj mark advcl obj punct root The DET factory NOUN pasteurises VERB the DET apple NOUN juice NOUN before SCONJ bottling VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 factory det 2 factory factory NOUN Number=Sing 3 pasteurises nsubj 3 pasteurises pasteuris VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 juice det 5 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 6 juice compound 6 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 3 pasteurises obj 7 before before SCONJ _ 8 bottling mark 8 bottling bottle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 pasteurises advcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 bottling obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 pasteurises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pasteuris present the factory the apple juice tree rules 2 bottle gerund the factory not said here juice vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 4 Pregnant women are told to avoid some unpasteurised cheeses.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp det amod obj punct root Pregnant ADJ women NOUN are AUX told VERB to PART avoid VERB some DET unpasteurised VERB cheeses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pregnant pregnant ADJ Degree=Pos 2 women amod 2 women woman NOUN Number=Plur 4 told nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 told aux:pass 4 told tell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 avoid mark 6 avoid avoid VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 told xcomp 7 some some DET PronType=Ind 9 cheeses det 8 unpasteurised unpasteuris VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 cheeses amod 9 cheeses cheese NOUN Number=Plur 6 avoid obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present · passive Pregnant women vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic 2 avoid not said to happen to-infinitive Pregnant women not said here some unpasteurised cheeses vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent cheese=Location 3 unpasteuris participle tree rules
Example 5 Pasteurising does not boil the milk.
nsubj aux advmod det obj punct root Pasteurising VERB does AUX not PART boil VERB the DET milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pasteurising pasteuris VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 boil nsubj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 boil aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 boil advmod 4 boil boil VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 milk det 6 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 4 boil obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 boil punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pasteuris gerund tree rules 2 not boil present · do-support the milk vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient
Example 6 We learnt how farmers pasteurise milk in science.
nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp obj case obl punct root We PRON learnt VERB how ADV farmers NOUN pasteurise VERB milk NOUN in ADP science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learnt nsubj 2 learnt learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 pasteurise advmod 4 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 5 pasteurise nsubj 5 pasteurise pasteurise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 learnt ccomp 6 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 5 pasteurise obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 science case 8 science science NOUN Number=Sing 5 pasteurise obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 learnt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past We vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 pasteurise present farmers milk science tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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