plague Who acts: plague, serious disease, ten plagues, God, firstborn, something · What happens: be, spread, kill, mean, send, die · To what, where: serious disease, many people, bubonic plague, rats, disasters, Egypt
«plague» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: plague in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A plague is a serious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people; "the plague" usually means bubonic plague, the Black Death of the Middle Ages, spread by fleas on rats.
The tree, 31 words det nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod cc conj amod obj punct punct det nsubj punct advmod parataxis amod obj punct det amod appos case det flat nmod punct conj case obl case obl punct root A DET plague NOUN is AUX a DET serious ADJ disease NOUN that PRON spreads VERB quickly ADV and CCONJ kills VERB many ADJ people NOUN ; PUNCT " PUNCT the DET plague NOUN " PUNCT usually ADV means VERB bubonic ADJ plague NOUN , PUNCT the DET Black ADJ Death PROPN of ADP the DET Middle PROPN Ages PROPN , PUNCT spread VERB by ADP fleas NOUN on ADP rats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 plague det 2 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 6 disease nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 disease cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 disease det 5 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 disease amod 6 disease disease NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 spreads nsubj 8 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 disease acl:relcl 9 quickly quickly ADV _ 8 spreads advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 kills cc 11 kills kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 spreads conj 12 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 13 people amod 13 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 kills obj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 means punct 15 " " PUNCT _ 17 plague punct 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 plague det 17 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 20 means nsubj 18 " " PUNCT _ 17 plague punct 19 usually usually ADV _ 20 means advmod 20 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 spreads parataxis 21 bubonic bubonic ADJ Degree=Pos 22 plague amod 22 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 20 means obj 23 , , PUNCT _ 26 Death punct 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 Death det 25 Black black ADJ Degree=Pos 26 Death amod 26 Death Death PROPN Number=Sing 22 plague appos 27 of of ADP _ 30 Ages case 28 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 30 Ages det 29 Middle Middle PROPN Number=Sing 30 Ages flat 30 Ages Age PROPN Number=Plur 26 Death nmod 31 , , PUNCT _ 32 spread punct 32 spread spread VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 means conj 33 by by ADP _ 34 fleas case 34 fleas flea NOUN Number=Plur 32 spread obl 35 on on ADP _ 36 rats case 36 rats rat NOUN Number=Plur 32 spread obl 37 . . PUNCT _ 6 disease punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a plague a serious disease tree rules 2 spread present a serious disease quickly property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 kill present a serious disease not said here many people vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme 4 mean present the plague bubonic plague usually property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plague=Topic 5 spread participle the plague not said here rats by fleas vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by flea=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.
The ten plagues were the disasters God sent on Egypt in Exodus — such as frogs, locusts, darkness and the death of the firstborn — so Pharaoh would free the Israelites.
The tree, 29 words det nummod nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl case obl case obl punct case fixed conj punct conj punct conj cc det conj case det nmod punct advmod nsubj aux parataxis det obl punct root The DET ten NUM plagues NOUN were AUX the DET disasters NOUN God PROPN sent VERB on ADP Egypt PROPN in ADP Exodus PROPN — PUNCT such ADJ as ADP frogs NOUN , PUNCT locusts NOUN , PUNCT darkness NOUN and CCONJ the DET death NOUN of ADP the DET firstborn NOUN — PUNCT so ADV Pharaoh PROPN would AUX free ADJ the DET Israelites PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 plagues det 2 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 plagues nummod 3 plagues plague NOUN Number=Plur 6 disasters nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 disasters cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 disasters det 6 disasters disaster NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 God God PROPN Number=Sing 8 sent nsubj 8 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 disasters acl:relcl 9 on on ADP _ 10 Egypt case 10 Egypt Egypt PROPN Number=Sing 8 sent obl 11 in in ADP _ 12 Exodus case 12 Exodus Exodus PROPN Number=Sing 8 sent obl 13 — - PUNCT _ 16 frogs punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 16 frogs case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 6 disasters conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 locusts punct 18 locusts locust NOUN Number=Plur 16 frogs conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 darkness punct 20 darkness darkness NOUN Number=Sing 16 frogs conj 21 and and CCONJ _ 23 death cc 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 death det 23 death death NOUN Number=Sing 16 frogs conj 24 of of ADP _ 26 firstborn case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 firstborn det 26 firstborn firstborn NOUN Number=Sing 23 death nmod 27 — - PUNCT _ 31 free punct 28 so so ADV _ 31 free advmod 29 Pharaoh Pharaoh PROPN Number=Sing 31 free nsubj 30 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 31 free aux 31 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 6 disasters parataxis 32 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 33 Israelites det 33 Israelites Israelite PROPN Number=Plur 31 free obl 34 . . PUNCT _ 6 disasters punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the ten plagues the disasters and frogs and locusts and darkness and the death of the firstborn tree rules 2 send past God the disasters and frogs and locusts and darkness and the death of the firstborn not said here Egypt in Exodus vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent disaster=Theme in exodus=Destination 3 die the firstborn nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent
Meaning 3 A plague of something is a huge, annoying number of it.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod punct amod case nmod punct root A DET plague NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX a DET huge ADJ , PUNCT annoying ADJ number NOUN of ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 plague det 2 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 10 number nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 plague nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 number cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 number det 7 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 10 number amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 huge punct 9 annoying annoying ADJ Degree=Pos 10 number amod 10 number number NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 number nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 number punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a plague of something a huge annoying number of number tree rules 2 plague something nom plague «state transitive»: of=patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"a plague of wasps".
punct det case nmod punct punct root " PUNCT a DET plague NOUN of ADP wasps NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 plague punct 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 plague det 3 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 wasps case 5 wasps wasp NOUN Number=Plur 3 plague nmod 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 plague punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 plague punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plague in a quote wasps nom plague «state transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 4 To plague someone is to keep bothering or troubling them.
mark advcl obj cop mark xcomp cc conj obj punct root To PART plague VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART keep VERB bothering VERB or CCONJ troubling VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 plague mark 2 plague plague VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 keep advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 plague obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 keep cop 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 bothering bother VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 keep xcomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 troubling cc 9 troubling trouble VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 bothering conj 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 troubling obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plague to-infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 2 is present keep property tree rules 3 bother gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 trouble gerund them = they vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer
Meaning 5 An old-fashioned curse, such as "a plague on" someone, is a wish that something bad will happen to them.
The tree, 20 words det amod punct amod punct case fixed punct det nsubj case punct nmod punct cop det appos mark nsubj amod aux acl case obl punct root An DET old ADJ - PUNCT fashioned ADJ curse NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP " PUNCT a DET plague NOUN on ADP " PUNCT someone PRON , PUNCT is AUX a DET wish NOUN that SCONJ something PRON bad ADJ will AUX happen VERB to ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 curse det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fashioned amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 old punct 4 fashioned fashioned ADJ Degree=Pos 5 curse amod 5 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 18 wish punct 7 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 wish case 8 as as ADP _ 7 such fixed 9 " " PUNCT _ 18 wish punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 plague det 11 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 18 wish nsubj 12 on on ADP _ 14 someone case 13 " " PUNCT _ 14 someone punct 14 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 plague nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 11 plague punct 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 wish cop 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 wish det 18 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing 5 curse appos 19 that that SCONJ _ 23 happen mark 20 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 23 happen nsubj 21 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 20 something amod 22 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 23 happen aux 23 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 wish acl 24 to to ADP _ 25 them case 25 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 happen obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 curse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a plague on someone such a wish tree rules 2 happen future something a wish not said here them = they tree rules
Example 1 The plague spread through the city, carried by fleas on rats.
det nsubj case det obl punct acl case obl case obl punct root The DET plague NOUN spread VERB through ADP the DET city NOUN , PUNCT carried VERB by ADP fleas NOUN on ADP rats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plague det 2 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread nsubj 3 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 through through ADP _ 6 city case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 city det 6 city city NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 carried punct 8 carried carry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 city acl 9 by by ADP _ 10 fleas case 10 fleas flea NOUN Number=Plur 8 carried obl 11 on on ADP _ 12 rats case 12 rats rat NOUN Number=Plur 8 carried obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread past the plague the city vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through city=Location 2 carry participle the city not said here rats by fleas vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 The fourth plague was swarms of flies.
det amod nsubj cop case nmod punct root The DET fourth ADJ plague NOUN was AUX swarms NOUN of ADP flies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 plague det 2 fourth fourth ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 plague amod 3 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 5 swarms nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 swarms cop 5 swarms swarm NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 flies case 7 flies fly NOUN Number=Plur 5 swarms nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 swarms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the fourth plague swarms of flies tree rules
Example 3 Locusts came in a plague and ate the crops.
nsubj case det obl cc conj det obj punct root Locusts NOUN came VERB in ADP a DET plague NOUN and CCONJ ate VERB the DET crops NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Locusts locust NOUN Number=Plur 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 plague case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 plague det 5 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 2 came obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 ate cc 7 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 came conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 crops det 9 crops crop NOUN Number=Plur 7 ate obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Locusts a plague vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in plague=Location 2 eat past Locusts not said here the crops vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient
Example 4 The village of Eyam stayed apart so the plague would not spread.
det nsubj case nmod advmod mark det nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root The DET village NOUN of ADP Eyam PROPN stayed VERB apart ADV so SCONJ the DET plague NOUN would AUX not PART spread VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 village det 2 village village NOUN Number=Sing 5 stayed nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 Eyam case 4 Eyam Eyam PROPN Number=Sing 2 village nmod 5 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 apart apart ADV _ 5 stayed advmod 7 so so SCONJ _ 12 spread mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 plague det 9 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 12 spread nsubj 10 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 spread aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 spread advmod 12 spread spread VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stayed advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay past the village of Eyam apart property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 not spread would the plague vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Our picnic was plagued by wasps.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Our PRON picnic NOUN was AUX plagued VERB by ADP wasps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 picnic nmod:poss 2 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 4 plagued nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 plagued aux:pass 4 plagued plague VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 wasps case 6 wasps wasp NOUN Number=Plur 4 plagued obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 plagued punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plague past · passive wasps Our picnic vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 6 I avoid spiders like the plague.
nsubj obj case det nmod punct root I PRON avoid VERB spiders NOUN like ADP the DET plague NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 avoid nsubj 2 avoid avoid VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 spiders spider NOUN Number=Plur 2 avoid obj 4 like like ADP _ 6 plague case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 plague det 6 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 3 spiders nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 avoid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 avoid present I spiders like the plague vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent spider=Location
Example 7 He was plagued by worries before the test.
nsubj aux:pass case obl case det obl punct root He PRON was AUX plagued VERB by ADP worries NOUN before ADP the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 plagued nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 plagued aux:pass 3 plagued plague VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 5 worries case 5 worries worry NOUN Number=Plur 3 plagued obl 6 before before ADP _ 8 test case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 test det 8 test test NOUN Number=Sing 3 plagued obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 plagued punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plague past · passive worries He before the test vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 8 A plague on the shrew and on her pudding!
det case det nmod cc case nmod:poss conj punct root A DET plague NOUN on ADP the DET shrew NOUN and CCONJ on ADP her PRON pudding NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 plague det 2 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 shrew case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shrew det 5 shrew shrew NOUN Number=Sing 2 plague nmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 pudding cc 7 on on ADP _ 9 pudding case 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 pudding nmod:poss 9 pudding pudding NOUN Number=Sing 2 plague conj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 plague punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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