poll Who acts: poll, most, polls, people, head, person · What happens: be, ask, find out, think, vote, go · To what, where: survey, many people, election, polls, people, tax · Speech: someone speaks here
«poll» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: poll in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A poll is a survey in which many people are asked the same question to find out what most of them think.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det case obl amod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl det amod obj mark acl compound:prt obj nsubj case nmod ccomp punct root A DET poll NOUN is AUX a DET survey NOUN in ADP which PRON many ADJ people NOUN are AUX asked VERB the DET same ADJ question NOUN to PART find VERB out ADP what PRON most ADJ of ADP them PRON think VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 poll det 2 poll poll NOUN Number=Sing 5 survey nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 survey cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 survey det 5 survey survey NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 which case 7 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 asked obl 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 people amod 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 asked nsubj:pass 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 asked aux:pass 11 asked ask VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 survey acl:relcl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 question det 13 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 14 question amod 14 question question NOUN Number=Sing 11 asked obj 15 to to PART _ 16 find mark 16 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 question acl 17 out out ADP _ 16 find compound:prt 18 what what PRON PronType=Int 22 think obj 19 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 22 think nsubj 20 of of ADP _ 21 them case 21 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 most nmod 22 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 find ccomp 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 survey punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a poll a survey tree rules 2 ask speech: ask present · passive many people a survey tree rules 3 find out to-infinitive vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 think speech: other present most of people vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The polls are an election, the time when people vote: «go to the polls».
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det parataxis punct det conj advmod nsubj punct punct ccomp case det obl punct punct root The DET polls NOUN are AUX an DET election NOUN , PUNCT the DET time NOUN when ADV people NOUN vote VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT go VERB to ADP the DET polls NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 polls det 2 polls poll NOUN Number=Plur 5 election nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 election cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 election det 5 election election NOUN Number=Sing 11 vote parataxis 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 time punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 time det 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 election conj 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 vote advmod 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 vote nsubj 11 vote vote VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 : : PUNCT _ 14 go punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 go punct 14 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 11 vote ccomp 15 to to ADP _ 17 polls case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 polls det 17 polls poll NOUN Number=Plur 14 go obl 18 » » PUNCT _ 14 go punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 11 vote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the polls a election and the time tree rules 2 vote present people tree rules 3 go in a quote infinitive people not said here the polls vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to poll=Initial_Location
Meaning 3 To poll people is to ask them questions in a survey.
mark advcl obj cop mark iobj obj case det nmod punct root To PART poll VERB people NOUN is AUX to PART ask VERB them PRON questions NOUN in ADP a DET survey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 poll mark 2 poll poll VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 ask advcl 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 poll obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ask cop 5 to to PART _ 6 ask mark 6 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 ask iobj 8 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 6 ask obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 survey case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 survey det 11 survey survey NOUN Number=Sing 8 questions nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 poll to-infinitive people vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Source 2 is present people ask property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The number of votes in an election.
det case nmod case det nmod punct root The DET number NOUN of ADP votes NOUN in ADP an DET election NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 number det 2 number number NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 votes case 4 votes vote NOUN Number=Plur 2 number nmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 election case 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 election det 7 election election NOUN Number=Sing 4 votes nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 number punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 5 Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.
The head; a «poll tax» is a tax that every person must pay.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj punct det punct compound appos punct cop det obj det nsubj aux acl:relcl punct root The DET head NOUN ; PUNCT a DET « PUNCT poll NOUN tax NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET tax NOUN that PRON every DET person NOUN must AUX pay VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 head det 2 head head NOUN Number=Sing 11 tax nsubj 3 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 tax punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tax det 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 tax punct 6 poll poll NOUN Number=Sing 7 tax compound 7 tax tax NOUN Number=Sing 2 head appos 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 tax punct 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 tax cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 tax det 11 tax tax NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 pay obj 13 every every DET PronType=Tot 14 person det 14 person person NOUN Number=Sing 16 pay nsubj 15 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 pay aux 16 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 tax acl:relcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 11 tax punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the head a tax tree rules 2 pay must every person a tax vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Asset
Example 1 We took a poll to choose the class pet.
nsubj det obj mark advcl det compound obj punct root We PRON took VERB a DET poll NOUN to PART choose VERB the DET class NOUN pet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 poll det 4 poll poll NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 5 to to PART _ 6 choose mark 6 choose choose VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 took advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pet det 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 9 pet compound 9 pet pet NOUN Number=Sing 6 choose obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past We a poll vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poll=Theme 2 choose to-infinitive We not said here the class pet vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pet=Theme
Example 2 The poll showed that most pupils like pizza best.
det nsubj mark amod nsubj case nmod advmod punct root The DET poll NOUN showed VERB that SCONJ most ADJ pupils NOUN like ADP pizza NOUN best ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 poll det 2 poll poll NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 9 best mark 5 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 6 pupils amod 6 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 9 best nsubj 7 like like ADP _ 8 pizza case 8 pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 6 pupils nmod 9 best well ADV Degree=Sup 3 showed advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the poll well property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Grown-ups vote at a polling station.
amod punct nsubj case det compound obl punct root Grown VERB - PUNCT ups NOUN vote VERB at ADP a DET polling NOUN station NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 ups amod 2 - - PUNCT _ 1 Grown punct 3 ups up NOUN Number=Plur 4 vote nsubj 4 vote vote VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 at at ADP _ 8 station case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 station det 7 polling polling NOUN Number=Sing 8 station compound 8 station station NOUN Number=Sing 4 vote obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 vote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 vote present Grown ups a polling station vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The country goes to the polls next month.
det nsubj case det obl amod obl:unmarked punct root The DET country NOUN goes VERB to ADP the DET polls NOUN next ADJ month NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 country det 2 country country NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes nsubj 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 polls case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 polls det 6 polls poll NOUN Number=Plur 3 goes obl 7 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 8 month amod 8 month month NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present the country the polls month vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to poll=Initial_Location
Example 5 The newspaper polled a thousand people.
det nsubj det nummod obj punct root The DET newspaper NOUN polled VERB a DET thousand NUM people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 newspaper det 2 newspaper newspaper NOUN Number=Sing 3 polled nsubj 3 polled poll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thousand det 5 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 people nummod 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 polled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 polled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 poll past the newspaper thousand people vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Source
Example 6 An exit poll asks people how they voted as they leave.
det compound nsubj obj advmod nsubj ccomp mark nsubj advcl punct root An DET exit NOUN poll NOUN asks VERB people NOUN how ADV they PRON voted VERB as SCONJ they PRON leave VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 poll det 2 exit exit NOUN Number=Sing 3 poll compound 3 poll poll NOUN Number=Sing 4 asks nsubj 4 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 asks obj 6 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 voted advmod 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 voted nsubj 8 voted vote VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 asks ccomp 9 as as SCONJ _ 11 leave mark 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 leave nsubj 11 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 voted advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 asks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present a exit poll people vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic 2 vote past people vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 leave present people vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Twelve of the twenty-five children voted for a hamster in the poll.
The tree, 13 words obl case det compound punct nummod nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root Twelve NUM of ADP the DET twenty NUM - PUNCT five NUM children NOUN voted VERB for ADP a DET hamster NOUN in ADP the DET poll NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 voted obl 2 of of ADP _ 7 children case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 children det 4 twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 five compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 twenty punct 6 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 children nummod 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 8 voted nsubj 8 voted vote VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 for for ADP _ 11 hamster case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 hamster det 11 hamster hamster NOUN Number=Sing 8 voted obl 12 in in ADP _ 14 poll case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 poll det 14 poll poll NOUN Number=Sing 8 voted obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 voted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 vote past the five children Twelve the poll for a hamster goal vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for hamster=Goal
Example 8 Its little brothers and sisters around the bed were flat-nosed imps with pointed ears, who made faces at one another, and scratched their polls.
The tree, 25 words nmod:poss amod nsubj cc conj case det nmod cop compound punct amod case amod nmod punct nsubj parataxis obj case obl fixed punct cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root Its PRON little ADJ brothers NOUN and CCONJ sisters NOUN around ADP the DET bed NOUN were AUX flat ADJ - PUNCT nosed VERB imps NOUN with ADP pointed ADJ ears NOUN , PUNCT who PRON made VERB faces NOUN at ADP one NUM another DET , PUNCT and CCONJ scratched VERB their PRON polls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brothers nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brothers amod 3 brothers brother NOUN Number=Plur 13 imps nsubj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 sisters cc 5 sisters sister NOUN Number=Plur 3 brothers conj 6 around around ADP _ 8 bed case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bed det 8 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 3 brothers nmod 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 imps cop 10 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 12 nosed compound 11 - - PUNCT _ 10 flat punct 12 nosed nose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 imps amod 13 imps imp NOUN Number=Plur root root 14 with with ADP _ 16 ears case 15 pointed pointed ADJ Degree=Pos 16 ears amod 16 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 13 imps nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 made punct 18 who who PRON PronType=Rel 19 made nsubj 19 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 imps parataxis 20 faces face NOUN Number=Plur 19 made obj 21 at at ADP _ 22 one case 22 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 19 made obl 23 another another DET PronType=Ind 22 one fixed 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 scratched punct 25 and and CCONJ _ 26 scratched cc 26 scratched scratch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 made conj 27 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 28 polls nmod:poss 28 polls poll NOUN Number=Plur 26 scratched obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 13 imps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nose participle vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 is a past Its little brothers around the bed and sisters nosed imps with pointed ears tree rules 3 make past nosed imps faces at one vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Product 4 scratch past nosed imps not said here brothers's polls vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poll=Theme 5 poll brothers = brother nom poll «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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