pony Who acts: pony, that, people, children, I, Shetland ponies · What happens: be, stay, grow, use, ride, see · To what, where: kind, word, horse, pony, farm, wild ponies
«pony» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pony in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A pony is a kind of small horse that stays small even when fully grown.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det case amod nmod nsubj parataxis xcomp advmod advmod advmod advcl punct root A DET pony NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP small ADJ horse NOUN that PRON stays VERB small ADJ even ADV when ADV fully ADV grown VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pony det 2 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 horse case 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 horse amod 8 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 stays nsubj 10 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind parataxis 11 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 10 stays xcomp 12 even even ADV _ 15 grown advmod 13 when when ADV PronType=Int 15 grown advmod 14 fully fully ADV _ 15 grown advmod 15 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 stays advcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pony a kind of small horse tree rules 2 stay present that small property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 grow participle that not said here fully property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Informally, «pony» is a word some people use for a horse that children ride.
The tree, 14 words advmod punct punct nsubj punct cop det det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Informally ADV , PUNCT « PUNCT pony NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET word NOUN some DET people NOUN use VERB for ADP a DET horse NOUN that PRON children NOUN ride VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Informally informally ADV _ 8 word advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Informally punct 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 pony punct 4 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 pony punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 word cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 word det 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 some some DET PronType=Ind 10 people det 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 use nsubj 11 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 word acl:relcl 12 for for ADP _ 14 horse case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 horse det 14 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 11 use obl 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 ride obj 16 children child NOUN Number=Plur 17 ride nsubj 17 ride ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 horse acl:relcl 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present pony a word informally property tree rules 2 use present some people a word not said here for a horse vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent word=Theme for horse=Eventuality 3 ride present children a horse vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
Example 1 I rode a pony at the farm.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root I PRON rode VERB a DET pony NOUN at ADP the DET farm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 rode nsubj 2 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pony det 4 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 2 rode obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 farm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 farm det 7 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 2 rode obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past I a pony the farm vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Theme
Example 2 A pony is shorter than most horses.
det nsubj cop case amod obl punct root A DET pony NOUN is AUX shorter ADJ than ADP most ADJ horses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pony det 2 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 4 shorter nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shorter cop 4 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 7 horses case 6 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 7 horses amod 7 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 4 shorter obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 shorter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a pony than most horses; short property tree rules
Example 3 Shetland ponies are small but very strong.
compound nsubj cop cc advmod conj punct root Shetland NOUN ponies NOUN are AUX small ADJ but CCONJ very ADV strong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shetland shetland NOUN Number=Sing 2 ponies compound 2 ponies pony NOUN Number=Plur 4 small nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 small cop 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 but but CCONJ _ 7 strong cc 6 very very ADV _ 7 strong advmod 7 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 small conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Shetland ponies small property tree rules 2 be Shetland ponies not said here tree rules
Example 4 We saw wild ponies on Dartmoor.
nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root We PRON saw VERB wild ADJ ponies NOUN on ADP Dartmoor PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 4 ponies amod 4 ponies pony NOUN Number=Plur 2 saw obj 5 on on ADP _ 6 Dartmoor case 6 Dartmoor Dartmoor PROPN Number=Sing 4 ponies nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We wild ponies Dartmoor vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pony=Stimulus
Example 5 She grooms her pony every morning before school.
nsubj nmod:poss obj det obl:unmarked case obl punct root She PRON grooms VERB her PRON pony NOUN every DET morning NOUN before ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 grooms nsubj 2 grooms groom VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 pony nmod:poss 4 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 2 grooms obj 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 morning det 6 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 2 grooms obl:unmarked 7 before before ADP _ 8 school case 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 grooms obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 grooms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 groom present She her pony before school; morning vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Patient
Example 6 The pony trotted round the field.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET pony NOUN trotted VERB round ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pony det 2 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 3 trotted nsubj 3 trotted trot VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 round round ADP _ 6 field case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 field det 6 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 trotted obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 trotted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trot past the pony the field vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round field=Trajectory
Example 7 My sister wears her hair in a ponytail.
nmod:poss nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root My PRON sister NOUN wears VERB her PRON hair NOUN in ADP a DET ponytail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 3 wears nsubj 3 wears wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hair nmod:poss 5 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 3 wears obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 ponytail case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 ponytail det 8 ponytail ponytail NOUN Number=Sing 3 wears obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wears punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear present My sister sister's hair a ponytail vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent hair=Source
Example 8 Always walk behind a pony with care; it may kick if startled.
advmod case det obl case obl punct nsubj aux conj mark advcl punct root Always ADV walk VERB behind ADP a DET pony NOUN with ADP care NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON may AUX kick VERB if SCONJ startled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 walk advmod 2 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 behind behind ADP _ 5 pony case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pony det 5 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 6 with with ADP _ 7 care case 7 care care NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 kick punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 kick nsubj 10 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 kick aux 11 kick kick VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 walk conj 12 if if SCONJ _ 13 startled mark 13 startled startle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 kick advcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk imperative you not said here behind a pony; with care; always property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind pony=Trajectory 2 kick may care vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient 3 startle a condition, not said to happen participle care not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 When the bewildered woman reached her dwelling, she mounted a pony and rode swiftly across the rolling land.
The tree, 18 words mark det amod nsubj advcl obj advcl punct nsubj det obj cc conj advmod case det amod obl punct root When SCONJ the DET bewildered VERB woman NOUN reached VERB her PRON dwelling VERB , PUNCT she PRON mounted VERB a DET pony NOUN and CCONJ rode VERB swiftly ADV across ADP the DET rolling VERB land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 5 reached mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 woman det 3 bewildered bewilder VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 woman amod 4 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 5 reached nsubj 5 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 mounted advcl 6 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 reached obj 7 dwelling dwell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 reached advcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 5 reached punct 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 mounted nsubj 10 mounted mount VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 pony det 12 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 10 mounted obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 rode cc 14 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 mounted conj 15 swiftly swiftly ADV _ 14 rode advmod 16 across across ADP _ 19 land case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 land det 18 rolling roll VERB VerbForm=Ger 19 land amod 19 land land NOUN Number=Sing 14 rode obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 10 mounted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bewilder participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 reach past the bewildered woman her = she vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent she=Theme 3 dwell gerund the bewildered woman not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 mount past woman a pony vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Patient 5 ride past woman not said here the rolling land swiftly property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across land=Trajectory 6 roll gerund vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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