pothole

Who acts: people, hidden problem, car, tyre, you, pothole · What happens: make, climb down, cause, hit, go, watch out · To what, where: hole, deep hole, trouble, pothole, bike, potholes

«pothole» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pothole in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A hole in the surface of a road or path, made by weather and traffic.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hole	det
2	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 surface	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 surface	det
5	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hole	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 road	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 road	det
8	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 surface	nmod
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 path	cc
10	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 road	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 made	punct
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hole	acl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 weather	case
14	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 traffic	cc
16	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 weather	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hole	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		a hole in the surface of a road or path not said here				by weather and traffic	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A deep hole or cave in rock, often made by water, that people may climb down.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 hole	det
2	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hole	amod
3	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 cave	cc
5	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hole	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 rock	case
7	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hole	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 made	punct
9	often	often	ADV	_	10 made	advmod
10	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 hole	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 water	case
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 made	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 climb	punct
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 climb	mark
15	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 climb	nsubj
16	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 climb	aux
17	climb	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 made	parataxis
18	down	down	ADV	_	17 climb	advmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hole	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		a deep hole in rock or cave not said here				by water; often property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	climb down	may	people					down property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

A hidden problem that could cause trouble.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 problem	det
2	hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 problem	amod
3	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 cause	nsubj
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 cause	aux
6	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 problem	acl:relcl
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cause	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 problem	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	could	a hidden problem	trouble					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient

Example 1

Dad's car hit a pothole and the tyre went flat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 car	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Dad	case
3	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hit	nsubj
4	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pothole	det
6	pothole	pothole	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hit	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 went	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tyre	det
9	tyre	tyre	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 went	nsubj
10	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 hit	conj
11	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 went	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	past	Dad's car	a pothole					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pothole=Co-Theme
2	go	past	the tyre					flat property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

Watch out for potholes when you ride your bike.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Watch	watch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	out	out	ADP	_	1 Watch	compound:prt
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 potholes	case
4	potholes	pothole	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Watch	obl
5	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 ride	mark
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 ride	nsubj
7	ride	ride	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Watch	advcl
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 bike	nmod:poss
9	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ride	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Watch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	watch out	imperative	you not said here					for potholes	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for pothole=Theme
2	ride	present	you	your bike					vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme

Example 3

The pothole filled with rain and looked like a puddle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pothole	det
2	pothole	pothole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 filled	nsubj
3	filled	fill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 rain	case
5	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 filled	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 looked	cc
7	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 filled	conj
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 puddle	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 puddle	det
10	puddle	puddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 looked	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 filled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	participle	the pothole					with rain	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with rain=Instrument
2	look	past	the pothole not said here					like a puddle	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Example 4

The council finally fixed the potholes on our street.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 council	det
2	council	council	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	nsubj
3	finally	finally	ADV	_	4 fixed	advmod
4	fixed	fix	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 potholes	det
6	potholes	pothole	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fixed	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 street	case
8	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 street	nmod:poss
9	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 fixed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	past	the council	the potholes		our street		finally property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent pothole=Patient

Example 5

The explorers climbed down a deep pothole in the hills.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 explorers	det
2	explorers	explorer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 climbed	nsubj
3	climbed	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 climbed	compound:prt
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pothole	det
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 pothole	amod
7	pothole	pothole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 climbed	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 hills	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hills	det
10	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 climbed	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 climbed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb down	past	the explorers	a deep pothole		the hills			vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location pothole=Theme

Example 6

There are a few potholes in the plan, but we can fix them.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 are	expl
2	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 potholes	det
4	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 potholes	amod
5	potholes	pothole	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 are	nsubj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 plan	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 plan	det
8	plan	plan	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 potholes	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 fix	punct
10	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 fix	cc
11	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 fix	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 fix	aux
13	fix	fix	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 are	advcl
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 fix	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 are	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	does	present	a few potholes in the plan			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fix	can	we	potholes = pothole					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Example 7

My scooter wobbled when it hit a pothole.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 scooter	nmod:poss
2	scooter	scooter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wobbled	nsubj
3	wobbled	wobble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 hit	advmod
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 hit	nsubj
6	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 wobbled	ccomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 pothole	det
8	pothole	pothole	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hit	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 wobbled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wobble	past	My scooter						tree rules
2	hit	past	scooter	a pothole					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pothole=Co-Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pothole/