ram Who acts: ram, working memory, computer, battering ram, heavy log, ewe · What happens: be, curl, ram, push, squash, say · To what, where: male sheep, something, purpose, it, place, ram · Speech: someone speaks here
«ram» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ram in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ram is a male sheep, usually with big curled horns.
det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod case amod amod conj punct root A DET ram NOUN is AUX a DET male ADJ sheep NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV with ADP big ADJ curled VERB horns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ram det 2 ram ram NOUN Number=Sing 6 sheep nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sheep cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sheep det 5 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sheep amod 6 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 horns punct 8 usually usually ADV _ 12 horns advmod 9 with with ADP _ 12 horns case 10 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 12 horns amod 11 curled curl VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 horns amod 12 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 6 sheep conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 sheep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ram a male sheep and big curled horns tree rules 2 curl participle vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To ram something is to hit or push it very hard, often on purpose.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl obj cop mark cc conj obj advmod advmod punct advmod case obl punct root To PART ram VERB something PRON is AUX to PART hit VERB or CCONJ push VERB it PRON very ADV hard ADV , PUNCT often ADV on ADP purpose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ram mark 2 ram ram VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 hit advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 ram obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hit cop 5 to to PART _ 6 hit mark 6 hit hit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 push cc 8 push push VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 hit conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 push obj 10 very very ADV _ 11 hard advmod 11 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 8 push advmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 purpose punct 13 often often ADV _ 15 purpose advmod 14 on on ADP _ 15 purpose case 15 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 6 hit obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ram to-infinitive something vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present purpose hit property tree rules 3 push infinitive it hard property vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Meaning 3 To ram something into a place is to push it in with force, so it is squashed and tight.
The tree, 19 words mark advcl obj case det obl cop mark obj compound:prt case obl punct advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis cc conj punct root To PART ram VERB something PRON into ADP a DET place NOUN is AUX to PART push VERB it PRON in ADP with ADP force NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON is AUX squashed VERB and CCONJ tight ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ram mark 2 ram ram VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 push advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 ram obj 4 into into ADP _ 6 place case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 place det 6 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 ram obl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 push cop 8 to to PART _ 9 push mark 9 push push VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 push obj 11 in in ADP _ 9 push compound:prt 12 with with ADP _ 13 force case 13 force force NOUN Number=Sing 9 push obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 squashed punct 15 so so ADV _ 18 squashed advmod 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 squashed nsubj:pass 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 squashed aux:pass 18 squashed squash VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 push parataxis 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 tight cc 20 tight tight ADJ Degree=Pos 18 squashed conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 9 push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ram to-infinitive something a place vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Theme into place=Destination 2 is present with force; push property tree rules 3 squash present · passive place vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Meaning 4 RAM (said «ram») is a computer's working memory, which holds what the computer is using right now.
The tree, 18 words nsubj punct acl:relcl punct obj punct punct cop det nmod:poss case amod punct nsubj acl:relcl obj det nsubj aux advcl advmod advmod punct root RAM NOUN ( PUNCT said VERB « PUNCT ram NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT is AUX a DET computer NOUN 's PART working VERB memory NOUN , PUNCT which PRON holds VERB what PRON the DET computer NOUN is AUX using VERB right ADV now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 RAM ram NOUN Number=Sing 13 memory nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 said punct 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 RAM acl:relcl 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 ram punct 5 ram ram NOUN Number=Sing 3 said obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 ram punct 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 said punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 memory cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 computer det 10 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 13 memory nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 computer case 12 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 memory amod 13 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 holds punct 15 which which PRON PronType=Rel 16 holds nsubj 16 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 memory acl:relcl 17 what what PRON PronType=Int 21 using obj 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 computer det 19 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 21 using nsubj 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 using aux 21 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 holds advcl 22 right right ADV _ 23 now advmod 23 now now ADV PronType=Dem 21 using advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 13 memory punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past RAM not said here ram vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ram=Topic 2 work gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a present RAM a computer's working memory tree rules 4 hold present a computer's working memory vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 use present · progressive the computer now vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient
Meaning 5 Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.
A battering ram is a heavy log once used to smash castle doors.
det amod nsubj cop det amod advmod acl:relcl mark xcomp compound obj punct root A DET battering VERB ram NOUN is AUX a DET heavy ADJ log NOUN once ADV used VERB to PART smash VERB castle NOUN doors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ram det 2 battering batter VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 ram amod 3 ram ram NOUN Number=Sing 7 log nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 log cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 log det 6 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 log amod 7 log log NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 9 used advmod 9 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 log acl:relcl 10 to to PART _ 11 smash mark 11 smash smash VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 used xcomp 12 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 13 doors compound 13 doors door NOUN Number=Plur 11 smash obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 log punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 batter gerund vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a battering ram a heavy log tree rules 3 use past a heavy log not said here once property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 smash to-infinitive a heavy log not said here castle doors vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme
Example 1 The ram lowered its horns and charged at the fence.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj case det obl punct root The DET ram NOUN lowered VERB its PRON horns NOUN and CCONJ charged VERB at ADP the DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ram det 2 ram ram NOUN Number=Sing 3 lowered nsubj 3 lowered lower VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 horns nmod:poss 5 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 3 lowered obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 charged cc 7 charged charge VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 lowered conj 8 at at ADP _ 10 fence case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 fence det 10 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 7 charged obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 lowered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lower past the ram ram's horns vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Theme 2 charge participle the ram not said here the fence vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at fence=Trajectory
Example 2 A ewe and a ram stood in the field with their lambs.
det nsubj cc det conj case det obl case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET ewe NOUN and CCONJ a DET ram NOUN stood VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN with ADP their PRON lambs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ewe det 2 ewe ewe NOUN Number=Sing 6 stood nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 ram cc 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ram det 5 ram ram NOUN Number=Sing 2 ewe conj 6 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 field case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 field det 9 field field NOUN Number=Sing 6 stood obl 10 with with ADP _ 12 lambs case 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 lambs nmod:poss 12 lambs lamb NOUN Number=Plur 6 stood obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past a ewe and a ram the field with ewe's lambs vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in field=Location
Example 3 The thief rammed the gate with a stolen van.
det nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root The DET thief NOUN rammed VERB the DET gate NOUN with ADP a DET stolen VERB van NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 thief det 2 thief thief NOUN Number=Sing 3 rammed nsubj 3 rammed ram VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 gate det 5 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 3 rammed obj 6 with with ADP _ 9 van case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 van det 8 stolen steal VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 van amod 9 van van NOUN Number=Sing 3 rammed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ram past the thief the gate with a stolen van vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gate=Theme 2 steal participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 He rammed all his clothes into the small bag.
nsubj det:predet nmod:poss obj case det amod obl punct root He PRON rammed VERB all DET his PRON clothes NOUN into ADP the DET small ADJ bag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rammed nsubj 2 rammed ram VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 clothes det:predet 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 clothes nmod:poss 5 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 2 rammed obj 6 into into ADP _ 9 bag case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bag det 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 bag amod 9 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 2 rammed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 rammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ram past He his clothes the small bag vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent clothes=Theme into bag=Destination
Example 5 The teacher rammed home the rule: always check your answer.
det nsubj advmod det obj punct advmod conj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET teacher NOUN rammed VERB home ADV the DET rule NOUN : PUNCT always ADV check VERB your PRON answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 rammed nsubj 3 rammed ram VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 home home ADV _ 3 rammed advmod 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rule det 6 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 3 rammed obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 check punct 8 always always ADV PronType=Tot 9 check advmod 9 check check VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 rammed conj 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 answer nmod:poss 11 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 9 check obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 rammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ram past the teacher the rule home property vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rule=Theme 2 check infinitive the teacher not said here your answer always property vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme 3 answer your nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 My laptop has eight gigabytes of RAM.
nmod:poss nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root My PRON laptop NOUN has VERB eight NUM gigabytes NOUN of ADP RAM PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 laptop nmod:poss 2 laptop laptop NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 gigabytes nummod 5 gigabytes gigabyte NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 RAM case 7 RAM RAM PROPN Number=Sing 5 gigabytes nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My laptop eight gigabytes of RAM vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gigabyte=Patient
Example 7 The soldiers used a battering ram to break down the door.
det nsubj det amod obj mark advcl compound:prt det obj punct root The DET soldiers NOUN used VERB a DET battering VERB ram NOUN to PART break VERB down ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soldiers det 2 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ram det 5 battering batter VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 ram amod 6 ram ram NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 7 to to PART _ 8 break mark 8 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 9 down down ADP _ 8 break compound:prt 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 door det 11 door door NOUN Number=Sing 8 break obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the soldiers a battering ram vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ram=Patient 2 batter gerund vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent 3 break down to-infinitive the soldiers not said here the door vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient
Example 8 The shop was absolutely rammed on Saturday. (UK slang)
Sentence 1: The shop was absolutely rammed on Saturday.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root The DET shop NOUN was AUX absolutely ADV rammed VERB on ADP Saturday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 5 rammed nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 rammed aux:pass 4 absolutely absolutely ADV _ 5 rammed advmod 5 rammed ram VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 on on ADP _ 7 Saturday case 7 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 5 rammed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 rammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ram past · passive the shop saturday absolutely property vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme
Sentence 2: (UK slang)
punct compound punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN slang NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 slang punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 3 slang compound 3 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 slang punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 What would two do with one ram?
obj aux nsubj case nummod obl punct root What PRON would AUX two NUM do VERB with ADP one NUM ram NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 do obj 2 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 do aux 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 do nsubj 4 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 ram case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 ram nummod 7 ram ram NOUN Number=Sing 4 do obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do would two with one ram vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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