ray Who acts: ray, heat, part, things, first rays, UV rays · What happens: be, come, beam, start, go on, get · To what, where: thin line, something, light, flat sea fish, part, maths
«ray» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ray in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ray is a thin line or beam of light or heat coming from something bright, like the Sun.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj case nmod cc conj acl case obl amod punct case det obl root A DET ray NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ line NOUN or CCONJ beam NOUN of ADP light NOUN or CCONJ heat NOUN coming VERB from ADP something PRON bright ADJ , PUNCT like ADP the DET Sun. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ray det 2 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 6 line nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 line cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 line det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 line amod 6 line line NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 beam cc 8 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 6 line conj 9 of of ADP _ 10 light case 10 light light NOUN Number=Sing 8 beam nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 heat cc 12 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 10 light conj 13 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 heat acl 14 from from ADP _ 15 something case 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 coming obl 16 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 15 something amod 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 Sun. punct 18 like like ADP _ 20 Sun. case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 Sun. det 20 Sun. Sunday PROPN Number=Sing 6 line obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ray a thin line or beam of light or heat sunday tree rules 2 come gerund heat not said here something vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from something=Initial_Location 3 beam light or heat nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A ray is a flat sea fish with wide fins like wings and a long thin tail, such as a stingray or manta ray.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod compound case amod nmod case nmod cc det amod amod conj punct case fixed det parataxis cc compound conj punct root A DET ray NOUN is AUX a DET flat ADJ sea NOUN fish NOUN with ADP wide ADJ fins NOUN like ADP wings NOUN and CCONJ a DET long ADJ thin ADJ tail NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET stingray NOUN or CCONJ manta NOUN ray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ray det 2 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fish det 5 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fish amod 6 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish compound 7 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 10 fins case 9 wide wide ADJ Degree=Pos 10 fins amod 10 fins fin NOUN Number=Plur 7 fish nmod 11 like like ADP _ 12 wings case 12 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 10 fins nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 17 tail cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 tail det 15 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 17 tail amod 16 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 17 tail amod 17 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 stingray punct 19 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 22 stingray case 20 as as ADP _ 19 such fixed 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 stingray det 22 stingray stingray NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish parataxis 23 or or CCONJ _ 25 ray cc 24 manta manta NOUN Number=Sing 25 ray compound 25 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 22 stingray conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 7 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ray a flat sea fish and a long thin tail with wide fins like wings tree rules
Meaning 3 In maths, a ray is part of a line that starts at one point and goes on forever in one direction.
The tree, 21 words case obl punct det nsubj cop case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl case nummod obl cc conj compound:prt advmod case nummod obl punct root In ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT a DET ray NOUN is AUX part NOUN of ADP a DET line NOUN that PRON starts VERB at ADP one NUM point NOUN and CCONJ goes VERB on ADP forever ADV in ADP one NUM direction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 7 part obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 maths punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ray det 5 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 part cop 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 line case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 line det 10 line line NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 starts nsubj 12 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 part acl:relcl 13 at at ADP _ 15 point case 14 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 point nummod 15 point point NOUN Number=Sing 12 starts obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 goes cc 17 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 starts conj 18 on on ADP _ 17 goes compound:prt 19 forever forever ADV _ 17 goes advmod 20 in in ADP _ 22 direction case 21 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 22 direction nummod 22 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 17 goes obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 7 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ray part maths of a line tree rules 2 start present part one point vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 go on present part not said here one direction forever property vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in direction=Location
Meaning 4 A ray of hope is a small sign that things may get better.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod mark nsubj aux acl xcomp punct root A DET ray NOUN of ADP hope NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ sign NOUN that SCONJ things NOUN may AUX get VERB better ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ray det 2 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 8 sign nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 hope case 4 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing 2 ray nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sign cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sign det 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sign amod 8 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that SCONJ _ 12 get mark 10 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 12 get nsubj 11 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 get aux 12 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 sign acl 13 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 get xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ray of hope a small sign tree rules 2 get may things a small sign not said here good property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sign=Stimulus 3 ray hope nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 The first rays of sunlight came through the curtains.
det amod nsubj case nmod case det obl punct root The DET first ADJ rays NOUN of ADP sunlight NOUN came VERB through ADP the DET curtains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rays det 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 rays amod 3 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 6 came nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 sunlight case 5 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 3 rays nmod 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 through through ADP _ 9 curtains case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 curtains det 9 curtains curtain NOUN Number=Plur 6 came obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the first rays of sunlight the curtains vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through curtain=Initial_Location 2 ray sunlight nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 2 UV rays can burn your skin even on a cloudy day.
compound nsubj aux nmod:poss obj advmod case det amod obl punct root UV NOUN rays NOUN can AUX burn VERB your PRON skin NOUN even ADV on ADP a DET cloudy ADJ day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 UV ultra-violet NOUN Abbr=Yes Number=Sing 2 rays compound 2 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 4 burn nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 burn aux 4 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 skin nmod:poss 6 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 4 burn obj 7 even even ADV _ 11 day advmod 8 on on ADP _ 11 day case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 day det 10 cloudy cloudy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 day amod 11 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 burn obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 burn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn can UV rays your skin day vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme
Example 3 The doctor took an X-ray of my broken wrist.
det nsubj det compound punct obj case nmod:poss amod nmod punct root The DET doctor NOUN took VERB an DET X NOUN - PUNCT ray NOUN of ADP my PRON broken VERB wrist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 took nsubj 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 ray det 5 X x NOUN Number=Sing 7 ray compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 X punct 7 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 3 took obj 8 of of ADP _ 11 wrist case 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 wrist nmod:poss 10 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 wrist amod 11 wrist wrist NOUN Number=Sing 7 ray nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the doctor a X ray of my broken wrist vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Theme 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 ray my broken wrist nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 4 We saw a huge ray gliding under the boat.
nsubj det amod obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET huge ADJ ray NOUN gliding VERB under ADP the DET boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ray det 4 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ray amod 5 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 6 gliding glide VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 ray acl 7 under under ADP _ 9 boat case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 boat det 9 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 6 gliding obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a huge ray vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ray=Stimulus 2 glide gerund a huge ray not said here the boat vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under boat=Trajectory
Example 5 Draw a ray starting at point A and passing through point B.
det obj acl case obl det cc csubj case obl obj root Draw VERB a DET ray NOUN starting VERB at ADP point NOUN A DET and CCONJ passing VERB through ADP point NOUN B. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draw draw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ray det 3 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 1 Draw obj 4 starting start VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 ray acl 5 at at ADP _ 6 point case 6 point point NOUN Number=Sing 4 starting obl 7 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 B. det 8 and and CCONJ _ 12 B. cc 9 passing pass VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 B. csubj 10 through through ADP _ 11 point case 11 point point NOUN Number=Sing 9 passing obl 12 B. B. PROPN Number=Sing 4 starting obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw imperative you not said here a ray vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Theme 2 start gerund a ray not said here a B. point vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent b.=Eventuality 3 pass gerund point vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through point=Location
Example 6 Two rays with the same endpoint make an angle.
nummod nsubj case det amod nmod det obj punct root Two NUM rays NOUN with ADP the DET same ADJ endpoint NOUN make VERB an DET angle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 rays nummod 2 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 7 make nsubj 3 with with ADP _ 6 endpoint case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 endpoint det 5 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 6 endpoint amod 6 endpoint endpoint NOUN Number=Sing 2 rays nmod 7 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 angle det 9 angle angle NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Two rays with the same endpoint a angle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset angle=Product
Example 7 Her smile was a ray of hope in a bad week.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det case nmod case det amod nmod punct root Her PRON smile NOUN was AUX a DET ray NOUN of ADP hope NOUN in ADP a DET bad ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 smile nmod:poss 2 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 5 ray nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 ray cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ray det 5 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 hope case 7 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing 5 ray nmod 8 in in ADP _ 11 week case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 week det 10 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 11 week amod 11 week week NOUN Number=Sing 7 hope nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 ray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Her smile a ray of hope in a bad week tree rules 2 smile Her = she nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Never touch the tail of a stingray.
advmod det obj case det nmod punct root Never ADV touch VERB the DET tail NOUN of ADP a DET stingray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 touch advmod 2 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 tail det 4 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 2 touch obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 stingray case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stingray det 7 stingray stingray NOUN Number=Sing 4 tail nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not touch imperative you not said here the tail of a stingray vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tail=Co-Theme
Example 9 The Sun's rays grew warmer and warmer.
det nmod:poss case nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root The DET Sun PROPN 's PART rays NOUN grew VERB warmer ADJ and CCONJ warmer ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Sun det 2 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 4 rays nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 Sun case 4 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 5 grew nsubj 5 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 warmer warm ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 grew xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 warmer cc 8 warmer warm ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 warmer conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past the Sun's rays warm property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 ray the Sun nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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