reindeer Who acts: reindeer, deer, male reindeer, Rudolph reindeer, Sámi people, wide hooves · What happens: be, branch, call, pull, fly, lead · To what, where: deer, wild reindeer, North America, flying sleigh, Christmas stories, reindeer · Speech: someone speaks here
«reindeer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: reindeer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A reindeer is a deer of the cold Arctic and northern lands, with thick fur and large branched antlers; in North America wild reindeer are called caribou.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det case det amod nmod cc amod conj punct case amod appos cc amod amod conj punct case compound obl amod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl xcomp punct root A DET reindeer NOUN is AUX a DET deer NOUN of ADP the DET cold ADJ Arctic PROPN and CCONJ northern ADJ lands NOUN , PUNCT with ADP thick ADJ fur NOUN and CCONJ large ADJ branched VERB antlers NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP North PROPN America PROPN wild ADJ reindeer NOUN are AUX called VERB caribou NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 reindeer det 2 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing 5 deer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 deer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 deer det 5 deer deer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 Arctic case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Arctic det 8 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 9 Arctic amod 9 Arctic Arctic PROPN Number=Sing 5 deer nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 lands cc 11 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 12 lands amod 12 lands land NOUN Number=Plur 9 Arctic conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 fur punct 14 with with ADP _ 16 fur case 15 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 16 fur amod 16 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 12 lands appos 17 and and CCONJ _ 20 antlers cc 18 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 20 antlers amod 19 branched branch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 antlers amod 20 antlers antler NOUN Number=Plur 16 fur conj 21 ; ; PUNCT _ 28 called punct 22 in in ADP _ 24 America case 23 North North PROPN Number=Sing 24 America compound 24 America America PROPN Number=Sing 28 called obl 25 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 26 reindeer amod 26 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Plur 28 called nsubj:pass 27 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 28 called aux:pass 28 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 deer acl 29 caribou caribou NOUN Number=Sing 28 called xcomp 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 deer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a reindeer a deer of the cold Arctic and northern lands tree rules 2 branch participle vn differ-23.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 call present · passive a deer not said here wild reindeer North America vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In Christmas stories, reindeer pull Santa's flying sleigh, led by Rudolph with his red nose.
The tree, 16 words case compound obl punct nsubj nmod:poss case amod obj punct acl case obl:agent case nmod:poss amod obl punct root In ADP Christmas PROPN stories NOUN , PUNCT reindeer NOUN pull VERB Santa PROPN 's PART flying VERB sleigh NOUN , PUNCT led VERB by ADP Rudolph PROPN with ADP his PRON red ADJ nose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 stories case 2 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 3 stories compound 3 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 6 pull obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 stories punct 5 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Plur 6 pull nsubj 6 pull pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 Santa Santa PROPN Number=Sing 10 sleigh nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 Santa case 9 flying fly VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 sleigh amod 10 sleigh sleigh NOUN Number=Sing 6 pull obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 led punct 12 led lead VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 sleigh acl 13 by by ADP _ 14 Rudolph case 14 Rudolph Rudolph PROPN Number=Sing 12 led obl:agent 15 with with ADP _ 18 nose case 16 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 18 nose nmod:poss 17 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 18 nose amod 18 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 12 led obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 pull punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull present reindeer Santa's flying sleigh Christmas stories vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleigh=Theme 2 fly gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 lead participle Santa's flying sleigh not said here with Rudolph's red nose vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
Example 1 The reindeer dug in the snow to find lichen.
det acl case det obl mark advcl obj punct root The DET reindeer NOUN dug VERB in ADP the DET snow NOUN to PART find VERB lichen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 reindeer det 2 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 dug dig VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 reindeer acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 snow case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 snow det 6 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obl 7 to to PART _ 8 find mark 8 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 dug advcl 9 lichen lichen NOUN Number=Sing 8 find obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 reindeer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig participle the reindeer not said here the snow vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in snow=Location 2 find to-infinitive lichen vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lichen=Topic
Example 2 Both male and female reindeer have antlers.
det amod cc conj nsubj obj punct root Both DET male ADJ and CCONJ female ADJ reindeer NOUN have VERB antlers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Both both DET PronType=Tot 5 reindeer det 2 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 5 reindeer amod 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 female cc 4 female female ADJ Degree=Pos 2 male conj 5 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Plur 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 antlers antler NOUN Number=Plur 6 have obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present both male reindeer antlers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient
Example 3 In North America, wild reindeer are called caribou.
case compound obl punct amod nsubj:pass aux:pass xcomp punct root In ADP North PROPN America PROPN , PUNCT wild ADJ reindeer NOUN are AUX called VERB caribou NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 America case 2 North North PROPN Number=Sing 3 America compound 3 America America PROPN Number=Sing 8 called obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 America punct 5 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 6 reindeer amod 6 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing 8 called nsubj:pass 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 called aux:pass 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 caribou caribou NOUN Number=Sing 8 called xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive wild reindeer North America vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 4 Rudolph the reindeer has a shiny red nose.
compound det nsubj det amod amod obj punct root Rudolph PROPN the DET reindeer NOUN has VERB a DET shiny ADJ red ADJ nose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rudolph Rudolph PROPN Number=Sing 3 reindeer compound 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 reindeer det 3 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 nose det 6 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 nose amod 7 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 8 nose amod 8 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the Rudolph reindeer a shiny red nose vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient
Example 5 The Sámi people herd reindeer.
det compound nsubj obj punct root The DET Sámi PROPN people NOUN herd VERB reindeer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 people det 2 Sámi Sámi PROPN Number=Sing 3 people compound 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 herd nsubj 4 herd herd VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing 4 herd obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 herd punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 herd present the Sámi people reindeer vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent reindeer=Patient
Example 6 Reindeer have wide hooves that help them walk on snow.
nsubj amod obj nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp case obl punct root Reindeer NOUN have VERB wide ADJ hooves NOUN that PRON help VERB them PRON walk VERB on ADP snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 wide wide ADJ Degree=Pos 4 hooves amod 4 hooves hoove NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 help nsubj 6 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hooves acl:relcl 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 help obj 8 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 help xcomp 9 on on ADP _ 10 snow case 10 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 8 walk obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Reindeer wide hooves vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hoove=Patient 2 help present wide hooves hooves = hoove vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 walk infinitive hooves = hoove not said here snow vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on snow=Trajectory
Example 7 We saw a herd of reindeer on our trip to Lapland.
nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET herd NOUN of ADP reindeer NOUN on ADP our PRON trip NOUN to ADP Lapland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 herd det 4 herd herd NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 reindeer case 6 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing 4 herd nmod 7 on on ADP _ 9 trip case 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 trip nmod:poss 9 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 10 to to ADP _ 11 Lapland case 11 Lapland Lapland PROPN Number=Sing 9 trip nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a herd of reindeer our trip to Lapland vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer herd=Stimulus 2 trip our to Lapland nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl
Example 8 The reindeer sprang high for joy.
det nsubj xcomp case obl punct root The DET reindeer NOUN sprang VERB high ADJ for ADP joy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 reindeer det 2 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprang nsubj 3 sprang spring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sprang xcomp 5 for for ADP _ 6 joy case 6 joy joy NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprang obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 sprang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spring past the reindeer for joy; high property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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