ripple Who acts: you, laughter, I, ripples, wind, ripple · What happens: drop, move, spread, ripple, throw, watch · To what, where: stone, pond, small waves, flag, wind, pebble
«ripple» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ripple in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A small wave on the surface of water, like the rings when you drop a stone in a pond.
The tree, 19 words det amod case det nmod case nmod punct case det conj advmod nsubj acl:relcl det obj case det obl punct root A DET small ADJ wave NOUN on ADP the DET surface NOUN of ADP water NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET rings NOUN when ADV you PRON drop VERB a DET stone NOUN in ADP a DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wave det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 wave amod 3 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 surface case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 surface det 6 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 3 wave nmod 7 of of ADP _ 8 water case 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 surface nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 rings punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 rings case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 rings det 12 rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 3 wave conj 13 when when ADV PronType=Int 15 drop advmod 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 drop nsubj 15 drop drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 wave acl:relcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 stone det 17 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 15 drop obj 18 in in ADP _ 20 pond case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 pond det 20 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 15 drop obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 wave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop present you a stone a pond vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme in pond=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To move in small waves.
mark case amod obl punct root To PART move VERB in ADP small ADJ waves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 move mark 2 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 waves case 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 5 waves amod 5 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 2 move obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move to-infinitive small waves vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in wave=Trajectory
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"The flag rippled in the wind."
punct det acl case det obl punct punct root " PUNCT The DET flag NOUN rippled VERB in ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 flag punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 flag det 3 flag flag NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 rippled ripple VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 flag acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 wind case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wind det 7 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 rippled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 flag punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 3 flag punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ripple in a quote participle the flag not said here the wind vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location
Meaning 3 Something that spreads slowly.
nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root Something PRON that PRON spreads VERB slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 spreads nsubj 3 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 slowly slowly ADV _ 3 spreads advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread present slowly property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"a ripple of laughter".
punct det case nmod punct punct root " PUNCT a DET ripple NOUN of ADP laughter NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 ripple punct 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ripple det 3 ripple ripple NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 laughter case 5 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing 3 ripple nmod 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 ripple punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 ripple punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ripple in a quote laughter nom ripple «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 1 I threw a pebble and watched the ripples spread.
nsubj det obj cc conj det nsubj ccomp punct root I PRON threw VERB a DET pebble NOUN and CCONJ watched VERB the DET ripples NOUN spread VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 threw nsubj 2 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pebble det 4 pebble pebble NOUN Number=Sing 2 threw obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 watched cc 6 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 threw conj 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ripples det 8 ripples ripple NOUN Number=Plur 9 spread nsubj 9 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 watched ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 threw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw past I a pebble vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pebble=Theme 2 watch past I not said here tree rules 3 spread present the ripples vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The wind made ripples on the lake.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET wind NOUN made VERB ripples NOUN on ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wind det 2 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ripples ripple NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 lake case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lake det 7 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the wind ripples the lake vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ripple=Product
Example 3 A ripple of laughter went round the class.
det nsubj case nmod case det obl punct root A DET ripple NOUN of ADP laughter NOUN went VERB round ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ripple det 2 ripple ripple NOUN Number=Sing 5 went nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 laughter case 4 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing 2 ripple nmod 5 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 round round ADP _ 8 class case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 class det 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 went obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past a ripple of laughter the class vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round class=Initial_Location 2 ripple laughter nom ripple «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 4 The curtains rippled in the breeze.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET curtains NOUN rippled VERB in ADP the DET breeze NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 curtains det 2 curtains curtain NOUN Number=Plur 3 rippled nsubj 3 rippled ripple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 breeze case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 breeze det 6 breeze breeze NOUN Number=Sing 3 rippled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 rippled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ripple past the curtains the breeze vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in breeze=Location
Example 5 Ripples spread out in circles from where the stone landed.
nsubj compound:prt case obl case advmod det nsubj acl:relcl punct root Ripples NOUN spread VERB out ADP in ADP circles NOUN from ADP where ADV the DET stone NOUN landed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ripples ripple NOUN Number=Plur 2 spread nsubj 2 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 spread compound:prt 4 in in ADP _ 5 circles case 5 circles circle NOUN Number=Plur 2 spread obl 6 from from ADP _ 7 where case 7 where where ADV PronType=Rel 10 landed advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 stone det 9 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 10 landed nsubj 10 landed land VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 circles acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread out present Ripples circles vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in circle=Location 2 land past the stone vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 One kind act can have a ripple effect.
nummod compound nsubj aux det compound obj punct root One NUM kind NOUN act NOUN can AUX have VERB a DET ripple NOUN effect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 act nummod 2 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 3 act compound 3 act act NOUN Number=Sing 5 have nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 have aux 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 effect det 7 ripple ripple NOUN Number=Sing 8 effect compound 8 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have can One kind act a ripple effect vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
Example 7 The sand on the beach had ripples from the waves.
det nsubj case det nmod obj case det nmod punct root The DET sand NOUN on ADP the DET beach NOUN had VERB ripples NOUN from ADP the DET waves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sand det 2 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 6 had nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 beach case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 beach det 5 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 sand nmod 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 ripples ripple NOUN Number=Plur 6 had obj 8 from from ADP _ 10 waves case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 waves det 10 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 7 ripples nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the sand on the beach ripples the waves vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ripple=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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