rough Who acts: rough surface, you, Rough weather, Feeling, rough, bark · What happens: mean, be, touch, use, not finish, feel · To what, where: surface, much force, difficult, rough, fine manners, rough estimate · Speech: someone speaks here
«rough» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: rough in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Rough means not smooth; a rough surface is bumpy or uneven when you touch it.
The tree, 15 words advmod advmod xcomp punct det amod nsubj cop parataxis cc conj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Rough ADV means VERB not PART smooth ADJ ; PUNCT a DET rough ADJ surface NOUN is AUX bumpy ADJ or CCONJ uneven ADJ when SCONJ you PRON touch VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rough rough ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 smooth advmod 4 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 bumpy punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 surface det 7 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 8 surface amod 8 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 10 bumpy nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 bumpy cop 10 bumpy bumpy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 uneven cc 12 uneven uneven ADJ Degree=Pos 10 bumpy conj 13 when when SCONJ _ 15 touch mark 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 touch nsubj 15 touch touch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 bumpy advcl 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 touch obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present rough, smooth property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is present a rough surface bumpy property tree rules 3 be a rough surface not said here tree rules 4 touch present you surface vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Rough means not gentle; using too much force.
advmod advmod xcomp punct conj advmod amod obj punct root Rough ADV means VERB not PART gentle ADJ ; PUNCT using VERB too ADV much ADJ force NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rough rough ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 gentle advmod 4 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 using punct 6 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means conj 7 too too ADV _ 8 much advmod 8 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 9 force amod 9 force force NOUN Number=Sing 6 using obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present gentle, rough property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 use gerund much force vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Patient
Meaning 3 Rough means not exact or not finished, like a rough guess or a rough drawing.
The tree, 15 words advmod advmod xcomp cc advmod conj punct case det amod parataxis cc det amod conj punct root Rough ADV means VERB not PART exact ADJ or CCONJ not PART finished VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET rough ADJ guess NOUN or CCONJ a DET rough ADJ drawing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rough rough ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 exact advmod 4 exact exact ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 finished cc 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 finished advmod 7 finished finish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 exact conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 guess punct 9 like like ADP _ 12 guess case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 guess det 11 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 12 guess amod 12 guess guess NOUN Number=Sing 7 finished parataxis 13 or or CCONJ _ 16 drawing cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 drawing det 15 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 16 drawing amod 16 drawing drawing NOUN Number=Sing 12 guess conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present exact, rough property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 not finish participle vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Meaning 4 Rough weather or sea is stormy, with big waves and wind.
amod nsubj cc conj cop punct case amod obl cc conj punct root Rough ADJ weather NOUN or CCONJ sea NOUN is AUX stormy ADJ , PUNCT with ADP big ADJ waves NOUN and CCONJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 2 weather amod 2 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 6 stormy nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 sea cc 4 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 2 weather conj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stormy cop 6 stormy stormy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 waves punct 8 with with ADP _ 10 waves case 9 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 10 waves amod 10 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 6 stormy obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 wind cc 12 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 10 waves conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 stormy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Rough weather or sea with big waves and wind; stormy property tree rules
Meaning 5 Rough means difficult or unpleasant, like a rough day.
advmod obj cc conj punct case det amod parataxis punct root Rough ADV means VERB difficult ADJ or CCONJ unpleasant ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET rough ADJ day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rough rough ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 difficult difficult ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 unpleasant cc 5 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 difficult conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 day punct 7 like like ADP _ 10 day case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 day det 9 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 10 day amod 10 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present difficult rough property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficult=Topic
Meaning 6 Feeling rough (UK) means feeling ill.
csubj obj punct appos punct xcomp xcomp punct root Feeling VERB rough ADJ ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT means VERB feeling VERB ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means csubj 2 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Feeling obj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 UK punct 4 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 2 rough appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 UK punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means xcomp 8 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feeling xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel gerund rough vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rough=Theme 2 mean present Feeling vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 feel not said to happen gerund Feeling not said here ill property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 7 To rough it is to live without comforts, as when camping.
mark nsubj nsubj cop mark case obl punct mark mark conj punct root To PART rough ADJ it PRON is AUX to PART live VERB without ADP comforts NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ when SCONJ camping VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 rough mark 2 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 6 live nsubj 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rough nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 live cop 5 to to PART _ 6 live mark 6 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 without without ADP _ 8 comforts case 8 comforts comfort NOUN Number=Plur 6 live obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 camping punct 10 as as SCONJ _ 12 camping mark 11 when when SCONJ _ 12 camping mark 12 camping camp VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 live conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present rough without comforts; live property tree rules 2 camp gerund rough not said here vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme
Meaning 8 Rough can also mean not polished or refined, lacking fine manners or style.
The tree, 13 words advmod aux advmod advmod xcomp cc conj punct advcl amod obj cc conj punct root Rough ADV can AUX also ADV mean VERB not PART polished VERB or CCONJ refined VERB , PUNCT lacking VERB fine ADJ manners NOUN or CCONJ style NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rough rough ADV _ 4 mean advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 polished advmod 6 polished polish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 mean xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 refined cc 8 refined refine VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 polished conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 lacking punct 10 lacking lack VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 refined advcl 11 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 12 manners amod 12 manners manners NOUN Number=Ptan 10 lacking obj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 style cc 14 style style NOUN Number=Sing 12 manners conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can rough property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not polish not said to happen participle vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent 3 refine participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 lack gerund fine manners or style tree rules
Example 1 The bark of the tree feels rough.
det nsubj case det nmod xcomp punct root The DET bark NOUN of ADP the DET tree NOUN feels VERB rough ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bark det 2 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 6 feels nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 tree case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tree det 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 bark nmod 6 feels feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 6 feels xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 feels punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel present the bark of the tree rough property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 2 Sandpaper is rough, but glass is smooth.
nsubj cop punct cc nsubj cop conj punct root Sandpaper NOUN is AUX rough ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ glass NOUN is AUX smooth ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sandpaper sandpaper NOUN Number=Sing 3 rough nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 rough cop 3 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 smooth punct 5 but but CCONJ _ 8 smooth cc 6 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 8 smooth nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 smooth cop 8 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rough conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 rough punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Sandpaper rough property tree rules 2 is present glass smooth property tree rules
Example 3 Don't be rough with the puppy.
advmod cop obj case det obl punct root Do VERB n't PART be AUX rough ADJ with ADP the DET puppy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 rough advmod 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 rough cop 4 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Do obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 puppy case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 puppy det 7 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 4 rough obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do imperative you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not is infinitive with the puppy; rough property tree rules
Example 4 Make a rough estimate before you calculate.
det amod obj mark nsubj advcl punct root Make VERB a DET rough ADJ estimate NOUN before SCONJ you PRON calculate VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 estimate det 3 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 4 estimate amod 4 estimate estimate NOUN Number=Sing 1 Make obj 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 calculate mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 calculate nsubj 7 calculate calculate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Make advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here a rough estimate vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset estimate=Product 2 calculate present you tree rules
Example 5 Write a rough draft first, then check it.
det amod obj advmod punct advmod parataxis obj punct root Write VERB a DET rough ADJ draft NOUN first ADV , PUNCT then ADV check VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 draft det 3 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 4 draft amod 4 draft draft NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 5 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 1 Write advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 check punct 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 8 check advmod 8 check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Write parataxis 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 check obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here a rough draft first property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent draft=Theme 2 check infinitive draft then vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 6 The sea was too rough for swimming.
det nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root The DET sea NOUN was AUX too ADV rough ADJ for ADP swimming NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sea det 2 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 5 rough nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 rough cop 4 too too ADV _ 5 rough advmod 5 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 swimming case 7 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 5 rough obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 rough punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the sea for swimming; rough property tree rules
Example 7 I've had a rough day.
nsubj aux det amod obj punct root I PRON 've AUX had VERB a DET rough ADJ day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 had nsubj 2 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 had aux 3 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 day det 5 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 6 day amod 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · perfect I day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Rough surfaces create more friction.
amod nsubj amod obj punct root Rough ADJ surfaces NOUN create VERB more ADJ friction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 2 surfaces amod 2 surfaces surface NOUN Number=Plur 3 create nsubj 3 create create VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 friction amod 5 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 3 create obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 create punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 create present Rough surfaces more friction vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Result
Example 9 "It was a little rough--it wanted elegance."
punct nsubj cop det obl:unmarked punct nsubj parataxis obj punct punct root " PUNCT It PRON was AUX a DET little ADJ rough ADJ -- PUNCT it PRON wanted VERB elegance NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 rough punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 rough nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 rough cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 little det 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rough obl:unmarked 6 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 -- -- PUNCT _ 9 wanted punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 wanted nsubj 9 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 rough parataxis 10 elegance elegance NOUN Number=Sing 9 wanted obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 rough punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 6 rough punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote past It a little obl:unmarked ; rough property tree rules 2 want in a quote past it elegance vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot elegance=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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