ruddy

Who acts: ruddy face, Ruddy, fisherman, cheeks, sky, Grandad · What happens: be, mean, use, show, have, jam · To what, where: softer word, annoyance, ruddy face, sea wind, ruddy glow, ruddy printer · Speech: someone speaks here

«ruddy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ruddy in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A ruddy face is healthy and red or pink, often from being outdoors.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 face	det
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 face	amod
3	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 healthy	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 healthy	cop
5	healthy	healthy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 red	cc
7	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 healthy	conj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 pink	cc
9	pink	pink	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 healthy	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 outdoors	punct
11	often	often	ADV	_	14 outdoors	advmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 outdoors	case
13	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 outdoors	cop
14	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	_	5 healthy	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 healthy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	a ruddy face	healthy property	tree rules
2	be		a ruddy face not said here		tree rules
3	be		a ruddy face not said here		tree rules
4	is	gerund	a ruddy face not said here	often, outdoors property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Ruddy can mean reddish in colour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 mean	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 mean	aux
3	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	reddish	reddish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 mean	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 colour	case
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reddish	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	can	Ruddy					reddish property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Usage: UK, mild swearing, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

Ruddy is a softer word for «bloody», used to show annoyance or for emphasis.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ruddy	Ruddy	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 word	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 word	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	softer	soft	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 word	amod
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 bloody	case
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 bloody	punct
8	bloody	bloody	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	nmod
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 bloody	punct
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 used	punct
11	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 word	acl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 show	mark
13	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 used	advcl
14	annoyance	annoyance	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 show	obj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 emphasis	cc
16	for	for	ADP	_	17 emphasis	case
17	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 annoyance	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 word	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Ruddy	a softer word	for bloody	tree rules
2	use	participle		a softer word not said here		vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	show	to-infinitive		annoyance or emphasis		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent annoyance=Recipient

Example 1

The fisherman had a ruddy face from the sea wind.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fisherman	det
2	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 face	det
5	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 face	amod
6	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	10 wind	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wind	det
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 wind	compound
10	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the fisherman	a ruddy face		the sea wind			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient

Example 2

Her cheeks were ruddy after the snowball fight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cheeks	nmod:poss
2	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ruddy	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ruddy	cop
4	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	after	after	ADP	_	8 fight	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fight	det
7	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fight	compound
8	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ruddy	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 ruddy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Her cheeks				after the snowball fight	ruddy property	tree rules

Example 3

The sky had a ruddy glow at sunset.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sky	det
2	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 glow	det
5	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 glow	amod
6	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 sunset	case
8	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the sky	a ruddy glow			sunset		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glow=Patient

Example 4

This ruddy printer has jammed again! (UK, mild swearing)

Sentence 1: This ruddy printer has jammed again!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 printer	det
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 printer	amod
3	printer	printer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 jammed	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 jammed	aux
5	jammed	jam	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	again	again	ADV	_	5 jammed	advmod
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 jammed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jam	present · perfect · passive		this ruddy printer			again		vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

Sentence 2: (UK, mild swearing)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct
2	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 swearing	punct
4	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swearing	amod
5	swearing	swearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 UK	appos
6	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!» (UK)

Sentence 1: Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 ruddy	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 ruddy	punct
5	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 ruddy	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 ruddy	cop
7	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 said	ccomp
8	freezing	freeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 ruddy	advcl
9	out	out	ADV	_	10 there	advmod
10	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 freezing	advmod
11	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 said	punct
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: express	past	Grandad			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	It		ruddy property	tree rules
3	freeze out in a quote	gerund		there		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Sentence 2: (UK)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct
2	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

The ruddy fox crept across the field.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fox	det
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fox	amod
3	fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crept	nsubj
4	crept	creep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	across	across	ADP	_	7 field	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 field	det
7	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crept	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 crept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	creep	past	the ruddy fox			the field			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across field=Trajectory

Example 7

Rudy turned round, and beheld a man with a ruddy, pleasant face, and a stout figure.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 turned	nsubj
2	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	round	round	ADV	_	2 turned	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 beheld	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 beheld	cc
6	beheld	behold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 turned	conj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 man	det
8	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 beheld	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	14 face	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 face	det
11	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 face	amod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 ruddy	punct
13	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 face	amod
14	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 man	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 figure	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 figure	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 figure	det
18	stout	stout	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 figure	amod
19	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 beheld	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 turned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn round	past	Rudy					round property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	behold	past	Rudy not said here	a man				with a ruddy pleasant face; a stout figure obl	vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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