ruffian Who acts: boy, gang, weasels, You, young ruffians, old man · What happens: cause, stop, be, ruffian, get off, shout · To what, where: trouble, coach, road, band, lawn, hardened ruffian · Speech: someone speaks here
«ruffian» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ruffian in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A rough, violent or lawless person, especially a man or a boy who causes trouble.
The tree, 15 words det amod punct conj cc conj punct advmod det appos cc det conj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root A DET rough ADJ , PUNCT violent ADJ or CCONJ lawless ADJ person NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV a DET man NOUN or CCONJ a DET boy NOUN who PRON causes VERB trouble NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 person det 2 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 7 person amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 violent punct 4 violent violent ADJ Degree=Pos 2 rough conj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 lawless cc 6 lawless lawless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 rough conj 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 man punct 9 especially especially ADV _ 11 man advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 man det 11 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 person appos 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 boy cc 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 boy det 14 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 11 man conj 15 who who PRON PronType=Rel 16 causes nsubj 16 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 boy acl:relcl 17 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 16 causes obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present a boy trouble vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A gang of ruffians stopped the coach on the road.
det nsubj case nmod det obj case det obl punct root A DET gang NOUN of ADP ruffians NOUN stopped VERB the DET coach NOUN on ADP the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gang det 2 gang gang NOUN Number=Sing 5 stopped nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 ruffians case 4 ruffians ruffian NOUN Number=Plur 2 gang nmod 5 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 coach det 7 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 5 stopped obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 road case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 road det 10 road road NOUN Number=Sing 5 stopped obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past a gang of ruffians the coach the road vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality coach=Eventuality
Example 2 The weasels and stoats were a band of ruffians.
det nsubj cc conj cop det case nmod punct root The DET weasels NOUN and CCONJ stoats NOUN were AUX a DET band NOUN of ADP ruffians NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 weasels det 2 weasels weasel NOUN Number=Plur 7 band nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 stoats cc 4 stoats stoat NOUN Number=Plur 2 weasels conj 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 band cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 band det 7 band band NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 ruffians case 9 ruffians ruffian NOUN Number=Plur 7 band nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 band punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the weasels and stoats a band of ruffians tree rules
Example 3 «You young ruffians, get off my lawn!» shouted the old man.
The tree, 11 words punct nsubj amod nsubj punct acl compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct punct det amod obj punct root « PUNCT You PRON young ADJ ruffians NOUN , PUNCT get VERB off ADP my PRON lawn NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT shouted VERB the DET old ADJ man NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 12 shouted punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 ruffians nsubj 3 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 4 ruffians amod 4 ruffians ruffian NOUN Number=Plur 12 shouted nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 get punct 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 ruffians acl 7 off off ADP _ 6 get compound:prt 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 lawn nmod:poss 9 lawn lawn NOUN Number=Sing 6 get obj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 get punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 6 get punct 12 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 man det 14 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 15 man amod 15 man man NOUN Number=Sing 12 shouted obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 12 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ruffian in a quote You tree rules 2 get off in a quote infinitive young ruffians not said here my lawn vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lawn=Stimulus 3 shout speech: express past the old man vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The magistrate called Toad a hardened ruffian.
det acl xcomp det amod xcomp punct root The DET magistrate NOUN called VERB Toad PROPN a DET hardened VERB ruffian NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 magistrate det 2 magistrate magistrate NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 magistrate acl 4 Toad Toad PROPN Number=Sing 3 called xcomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 ruffian det 6 hardened harden VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 ruffian amod 7 ruffian ruffian NOUN Number=Sing 3 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 magistrate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle the magistrate not said here a hardened ruffian vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 harden participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 Ruffians attacked travellers in the Middle Ages.
nsubj obj case det flat obl punct root Ruffians NOUN attacked VERB travellers NOUN in ADP the DET Middle PROPN Ages PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruffians ruffian NOUN Number=Plur 2 attacked nsubj 2 attacked attack VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 travellers traveller NOUN Number=Plur 2 attacked obj 4 in in ADP _ 7 Ages case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Ages det 6 Middle Middle PROPN Number=Sing 7 Ages flat 7 Ages Age PROPN Number=Plur 2 attacked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 attacked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attack past Ruffians travellers in the Middle Ages vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traveller=Patient
Example 6 The pirates were cruel ruffians.
det nsubj cop amod punct root The DET pirates NOUN were AUX cruel ADJ ruffians NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pirates det 2 pirates pirate NOUN Number=Plur 5 ruffians nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 ruffians cop 4 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ruffians amod 5 ruffians ruffian NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 ruffians punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the pirates cruel ruffians tree rules
Example 7 The ruffians were appropriately named Rawbones and Woudkill.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod xcomp cc conj punct root The DET ruffians NOUN were AUX appropriately ADV named VERB Rawbones PROPN and CCONJ Woudkill PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ruffians det 2 ruffians ruffian NOUN Number=Plur 5 named nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 named aux:pass 4 appropriately appropriately ADV _ 5 named advmod 5 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 Rawbones Rawbones PROPN Number=Sing 5 named xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 Woudkill cc 8 Woudkill Woudkill PROPN Number=Sing 6 Rawbones conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 named punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 name past · passive the ruffians appropriately property vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous ruffnext → ruffle↑ back to R in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/ruffian/