ruler Who acts: ruler, person, many rulers, She, you · What happens: be, use, measure, draw, rule, fit · To what, where: straight strip, length, straight lines, person, m table, line · Speech: someone speaks here
«ruler» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ruler in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ruler is a straight strip with marks, used to measure length and draw straight lines.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct acl mark xcomp obj cc conj amod obj punct root A DET ruler NOUN is AUX a DET straight ADJ strip NOUN with ADP marks NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to PART measure VERB length NOUN and CCONJ draw VERB straight ADJ lines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ruler det 2 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 6 strip nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 strip cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 strip det 5 straight straight ADJ Degree=Pos 6 strip amod 6 strip strip NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 8 marks case 8 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 6 strip nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 used punct 10 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 strip acl 11 to to PART _ 12 measure mark 12 measure measure VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 used xcomp 13 length length NOUN Number=Sing 12 measure obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 draw cc 15 draw draw VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 measure conj 16 straight straight ADJ Degree=Pos 17 lines amod 17 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 15 draw obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 strip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ruler a straight strip with marks tree rules 2 use participle a straight strip not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 measure to-infinitive length vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme length=Value 4 draw infinitive straight lines vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A ruler is also a person who rules a country, like a king, queen or emperor.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop advmod det nsubj appos det appos punct case det appos punct conj cc conj punct root A DET ruler NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET person NOUN who PRON rules NOUN a DET country NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET king NOUN , PUNCT queen NOUN or CCONJ emperor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ruler det 2 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 6 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 person cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 person advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 person det 6 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 rules nsubj 8 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 6 person appos 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 country det 10 country country NOUN Number=Sing 8 rules appos 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 king punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 king case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 king det 14 king king NOUN Number=Sing 6 person appos 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 queen punct 16 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 14 king conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 emperor cc 18 emperor emperor NOUN Number=Sing 14 king conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ruler a person tree rules 2 rule a person tree rules
Example 1 A ruler is 30 cm long.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root A DET ruler NOUN is AUX 30 NUM cm NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ruler det 2 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 6 long nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 long cop 4 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cm nummod 5 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 6 long obl:unmarked 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a ruler 30 cm obl:unmarked ; long property tree rules
Example 2 How many rulers fit along a 2 m table?
advmod amod nsubj case det nummod compound obl punct root How ADV many ADJ rulers NOUN fit VERB along ADP a DET 2 NUM m NOUN table NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rulers amod 3 rulers ruler NOUN Number=Plur 4 fit nsubj 4 fit fit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 along along ADP _ 9 table case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 table det 7 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 m nummod 8 m M NOUN Number=Sing 9 table compound 9 table table NOUN Number=Sing 4 fit obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 fit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fit present many rulers a m table vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent along table=Trajectory
Example 3 Each ruler costs $1.50.
det nsubj obj nummod punct root Each DET ruler NOUN costs VERB $ SYM 1.50 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 ruler det 2 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 $ $ SYM _ 3 costs obj 5 1.50 1.50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac 4 $ nummod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present each ruler vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value
Example 4 She measured the line with a ruler: 8 inches.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct nummod conj punct root She PRON measured VERB the DET line NOUN with ADP a DET ruler NOUN : PUNCT 8 NUM inches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 measured nsubj 2 measured measure VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 line det 4 line line NOUN Number=Sing 2 measured obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 ruler case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 ruler det 7 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 2 measured obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 inches punct 9 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 inches nummod 10 inches inch NOUN Number=Plur 2 measured conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 measured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 measure past She the line with a ruler vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme line=Value
Example 5 Use a ruler to draw a straight line.
det obj mark advcl det amod obj punct root Use VERB a DET ruler NOUN to PART draw VERB a DET straight ADJ line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ruler det 3 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 draw mark 5 draw draw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Use advcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 line det 7 straight straight ADJ Degree=Pos 8 line amod 8 line line NOUN Number=Sing 5 draw obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here a ruler vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruler=Patient 2 draw to-infinitive you not said here a straight line vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme
Example 6 Start measuring from the zero mark on the ruler.
xcomp case det nummod obl case det obl punct root Start VERB measuring VERB from ADP the DET zero NUM mark NOUN on ADP the DET ruler NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 measuring measure VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Start xcomp 3 from from ADP _ 6 mark case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 mark det 5 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 mark nummod 6 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing 2 measuring obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 ruler case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 ruler det 9 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 2 measuring obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start imperative you not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 measure gerund you not said here the zero mark on the ruler vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The ruler of the kingdom was a wise old queen.
det nsubj case det nmod cop det amod amod punct root The DET ruler NOUN of ADP the DET kingdom NOUN was AUX a DET wise ADJ old ADJ queen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ruler det 2 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 10 queen nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 kingdom case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 kingdom det 5 kingdom kingdom NOUN Number=Sing 2 ruler nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 queen cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 queen det 8 wise wise ADJ Degree=Pos 10 queen amod 9 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 queen amod 10 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 queen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the ruler of the kingdom a wise old queen tree rules
Example 8 My ruler has centimeters on one side and inches on the other.
nmod:poss nsubj obj case nummod nmod cc conj case det nmod punct root My PRON ruler NOUN has VERB centimeters NOUN on ADP one NUM side NOUN and CCONJ inches NOUN on ADP the DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 ruler nmod:poss 2 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 centimeters centimeter NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 side case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 side nummod 7 side side NOUN Number=Sing 4 centimeters nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 inches cc 9 inches inch NOUN Number=Plur 7 side conj 10 on on ADP _ 12 other case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 other det 12 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 9 inches nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My ruler centimeters one side and inches on the other vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent centimeter=Patient
Example 9 Rulers of ancient Egypt were called pharaohs.
nsubj:pass case amod nmod aux:pass xcomp punct root Rulers NOUN of ADP ancient ADJ Egypt PROPN were AUX called VERB pharaohs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rulers ruler NOUN Number=Plur 6 called nsubj:pass 2 of of ADP _ 4 Egypt case 3 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Egypt amod 4 Egypt Egypt PROPN Number=Sing 1 Rulers nmod 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 called aux:pass 6 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 pharaohs pharaoh NOUN Number=Plur 6 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past · passive Rulers of ancient Egypt vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 10 She was a wonderful woman, and an able ruler.
nsubj cop det amod punct cc det amod conj punct root She PRON was AUX a DET wonderful ADJ woman NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ an DET able ADJ ruler NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 woman nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 woman cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 woman det 4 wonderful wonderful ADJ Degree=Pos 5 woman amod 5 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 ruler punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 ruler cc 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ruler det 9 able able ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ruler amod 10 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 5 woman conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 woman punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past She a wonderful woman and a able ruler tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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