salamander Who acts: salamander, smooth damp skin, creature, Salamanders, fire salamander, We · What happens: be, look, live, hide, grow back, lose · To what, where: small amphibian, bit, creature, old stories, fire, wet log
«salamander» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: salamander in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A salamander is a small amphibian with a long body, a tail, four short legs and smooth, damp skin, which looks a bit like a lizard.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det amod case det amod nmod punct det conj punct nummod amod parataxis cc amod punct amod conj punct nsubj acl:relcl det obj case det nmod punct root A DET salamander NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ amphibian NOUN with ADP a DET long ADJ body NOUN , PUNCT a DET tail NOUN , PUNCT four NUM short ADJ legs NOUN and CCONJ smooth ADJ , PUNCT damp ADJ skin NOUN , PUNCT which PRON looks VERB a DET bit NOUN like ADP a DET lizard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 salamander det 2 salamander salamander NOUN Number=Sing 6 amphibian nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 amphibian cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 amphibian det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 amphibian amod 6 amphibian amphibian NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 10 body case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 body det 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 body amod 10 body body NOUN Number=Sing 6 amphibian nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 tail punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 tail det 13 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 6 amphibian conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 legs punct 15 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 17 legs nummod 16 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 17 legs amod 17 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 6 amphibian parataxis 18 and and CCONJ _ 22 skin cc 19 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos 22 skin amod 20 , , PUNCT _ 19 smooth punct 21 damp damp ADJ Degree=Pos 22 skin amod 22 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 17 legs conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 looks punct 24 which which PRON PronType=Rel 25 looks nsubj 25 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 skin acl:relcl 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 bit det 27 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 25 looks obj 28 like like ADP _ 30 lizard case 29 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 30 lizard det 30 lizard lizard NOUN Number=Sing 27 bit nmod 31 . . PUNCT _ 6 amphibian punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a salamander a small amphibian and a tail with a long body tree rules 2 look present smooth damp skin a bit like a lizard vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bit=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In old stories and legends, a salamander was a creature that could live in fire.
The tree, 15 words case amod obl cc conj punct det nsubj cop det nsubj aux acl:relcl case obl punct root In ADP old ADJ stories NOUN and CCONJ legends NOUN , PUNCT a DET salamander NOUN was AUX a DET creature NOUN that PRON could AUX live VERB in ADP fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 stories case 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 stories amod 3 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 11 creature obl 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 legends cc 5 legends legend NOUN Number=Plur 3 stories conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 stories punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 salamander det 8 salamander salamander NOUN Number=Sing 11 creature nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 creature cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 creature det 11 creature creature NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 live nsubj 13 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 live aux 14 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 creature acl:relcl 15 in in ADP _ 16 fire case 16 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 14 live obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 11 creature punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a salamander a creature old stories and legends tree rules 2 live could a creature fire vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fire=Location
Example 1 A salamander hid under the wet log.
det nsubj case det amod obl punct root A DET salamander NOUN hid VERB under ADP the DET wet ADJ log NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 salamander det 2 salamander salamander NOUN Number=Sing 3 hid nsubj 3 hid hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 under under ADP _ 7 log case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 log det 6 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 7 log amod 7 log log NOUN Number=Sing 3 hid obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 hid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hide past a salamander the wet log vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under log=Location
Example 2 Salamanders are amphibians, not reptiles.
nsubj cop punct advmod conj punct root Salamanders NOUN are AUX amphibians NOUN , PUNCT not PART reptiles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Salamanders salamander NOUN Number=Plur 3 amphibians nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 amphibians cop 3 amphibians amphibian NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 reptiles punct 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 reptiles advmod 6 reptiles reptile NOUN Number=Plur 3 amphibians conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 amphibians punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Salamanders amphibians and reptiles tree rules
Example 3 The fire salamander is black and yellow.
det compound nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET fire NOUN salamander NOUN is AUX black ADJ and CCONJ yellow ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 salamander det 2 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 salamander compound 3 salamander salamander NOUN Number=Sing 5 black nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 black cop 5 black black ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 yellow cc 7 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 5 black conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 black punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the fire salamander black property tree rules 2 be the fire salamander not said here tree rules
Example 4 Some salamanders can grow back a lost leg.
det nsubj aux advmod det amod obj punct root Some DET salamanders NOUN can AUX grow VERB back ADV a DET lost VERB leg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 salamanders det 2 salamanders salamander NOUN Number=Plur 4 grow nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 grow aux 4 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 back back ADV _ 4 grow advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 leg det 7 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 leg amod 8 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 4 grow obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow back can some salamanders a lost leg vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme 2 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 We saw a salamander near the stream.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET salamander NOUN near ADP the DET stream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 salamander det 4 salamander salamander NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 near near ADP _ 7 stream case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 stream det 7 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a salamander the stream vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer salamander=Stimulus
Example 6 Don't pick up a salamander — your skin can harm it and some are poisonous.
The tree, 15 words aux advmod compound:prt det obj punct nmod:poss nsubj aux conj obj cc nsubj cop conj punct root Do AUX n't PART pick VERB up ADP a DET salamander NOUN — PUNCT your PRON skin NOUN can AUX harm VERB it PRON and CCONJ some DET are AUX poisonous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 pick aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 pick advmod 3 pick pick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 pick compound:prt 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 salamander det 6 salamander salamander NOUN Number=Sing 3 pick obj 7 — - PUNCT _ 11 harm punct 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 skin nmod:poss 9 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 11 harm nsubj 10 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 harm aux 11 harm harm VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 pick conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 harm obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 poisonous cc 14 some some DET PronType=Ind 16 poisonous nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 poisonous cop 16 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos 11 harm conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 pick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not pick up imperative · do-support you not said here a salamander vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salamander=Topic 2 harm can your skin salamander vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer 3 is present some poisonous property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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