scald Who acts: scald, milk, you, tea, He, hot drink · What happens: scald, be, cause, boil, hold, run · To what, where: injury, skin, something, hand, scald, cool running water · Speech: someone speaks here
«scald» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: scald in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To scald is to burn your skin with very hot liquid or steam.
mark csubj cop mark nmod:poss obj case advmod amod obl cc conj punct root To PART scald VERB is AUX to PART burn VERB your PRON skin NOUN with ADP very ADV hot ADJ liquid NOUN or CCONJ steam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 scald mark 2 scald scald VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 burn csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 burn cop 4 to to PART _ 5 burn mark 5 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 skin nmod:poss 7 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 5 burn obj 8 with with ADP _ 11 liquid case 9 very very ADV _ 10 hot advmod 10 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 11 liquid amod 11 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 5 burn obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 steam cc 13 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 11 liquid conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 burn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scald to-infinitive vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is present with hot liquid or steam; burn property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A scald is an injury to the skin caused by hot liquid or steam.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod acl case amod obl cc conj punct root A DET scald NOUN is AUX an DET injury NOUN to ADP the DET skin NOUN caused VERB by ADP hot ADJ liquid NOUN or CCONJ steam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scald det 2 scald scald NOUN Number=Sing 5 injury nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 injury cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 injury det 5 injury injury NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 skin case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 skin det 8 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 5 injury nmod 9 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 skin acl 10 by by ADP _ 12 liquid case 11 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 12 liquid amod 12 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 9 caused obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 steam cc 14 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 12 liquid conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 injury punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a scald a injury to the skin tree rules 2 cause participle the skin not said here by hot liquid or steam vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
Meaning 3 To scald something, like milk, is to heat it until it is almost boiling.
The tree, 14 words mark obj punct case conj punct cop mark conj obj mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root To PART scald VERB something PRON , PUNCT like ADP milk NOUN , PUNCT is AUX to PART heat VERB it PRON until SCONJ it PRON is AUX almost ADV boiling VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 scald mark 2 scald scald VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 scald obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 milk punct 5 like like ADP _ 6 milk case 6 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 3 something conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 heat punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 heat cop 9 to to PART _ 10 heat mark 10 heat heat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 scald conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 heat obj 12 until until SCONJ _ 16 boiling mark 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 boiling nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 boiling aux 15 almost almost ADV _ 16 boiling advmod 16 boiling boil VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 heat advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 scald punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scald to-infinitive something vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient 2 is present heat property tree rules 3 boil present · progressive milk almost property vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 Be careful, the tea is scalding hot.
cop punct det nsubj aux advcl xcomp punct root Be AUX careful ADJ , PUNCT the DET tea NOUN is AUX scalding VERB hot ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 scalding punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tea det 5 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 7 scalding nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 scalding aux 7 scalding scald VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 careful advcl 8 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 7 scalding xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 careful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is imperative you not said here careful property tree rules 2 scald present · progressive the tea hot property vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 He scalded his hand on the steam from the kettle.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl case det nmod punct root He PRON scalded VERB his PRON hand NOUN on ADP the DET steam NOUN from ADP the DET kettle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 scalded nsubj 2 scalded scald VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 hand nmod:poss 4 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 2 scalded obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 steam case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 steam det 7 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 2 scalded obl 8 from from ADP _ 10 kettle case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 kettle det 10 kettle kettle NOUN Number=Sing 7 steam nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 scalded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scald past He his hand on the steam from the kettle vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent hand=Patient on steam=Instrument
Example 3 Hold a scald under cool running water for twenty minutes.
det obj case amod amod obl case nummod obl punct root Hold VERB a DET scald NOUN under ADP cool ADJ running VERB water NOUN for ADP twenty NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 scald det 3 scald scald NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obj 4 under under ADP _ 7 water case 5 cool cool ADJ Degree=Pos 7 water amod 6 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 water amod 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obl 8 for for ADP _ 10 minutes case 9 twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 minutes nummod 10 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hold obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold imperative you not said here a scald cool running water minute vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent scald=Theme under water=Location 2 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Turn pan handles inward so nobody gets scalded.
compound obj advmod mark nsubj aux:pass advcl punct root Turn VERB pan NOUN handles NOUN inward ADV so SCONJ nobody PRON gets AUX scalded VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 pan pan NOUN Number=Sing 3 handles compound 3 handles handle NOUN Number=Plur 1 Turn obj 4 inward inward ADV Degree=Pos 1 Turn advmod 5 so so SCONJ _ 8 scalded mark 6 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 8 scalded nsubj 7 gets get AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 scalded aux:pass 8 scalded scald VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Turn advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn imperative you not said here pan handles inward property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent handle=Theme 2 scald present · passive nobody vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 5 Never put ice or butter on a scald.
advmod obj cc conj case det obl punct root Never ADV put VERB ice NOUN or CCONJ butter NOUN on ADP a DET scald NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 put advmod 2 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 butter cc 5 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 3 ice conj 6 on on ADP _ 8 scald case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 scald det 8 scald scald NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not put imperative you not said here ice or butter a scald vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ice=Theme on scald=Destination
Example 6 Test the bath water so the baby doesn't get scalded.
det compound obj mark det nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass advcl punct root Test VERB the DET bath NOUN water NOUN so SCONJ the DET baby NOUN does AUX n't PART get AUX scalded VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Test test VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 water det 3 bath bath NOUN Number=Sing 4 water compound 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Test obj 5 so so SCONJ _ 11 scalded mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 baby det 7 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 11 scalded nsubj:pass 8 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 scalded aux 9 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 11 scalded advmod 10 get get AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 scalded aux:pass 11 scalded scald VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Test advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Test punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test imperative you not said here the bath water vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme 2 not scald present · passive · do-support the baby vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 7 A hot drink can scald a toddler even after fifteen minutes.
det amod nsubj aux det obj advmod case nummod obl:unmarked punct root A DET hot ADJ drink NOUN can AUX scald VERB a DET toddler NOUN even ADV after ADP fifteen NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 drink det 2 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 3 drink amod 3 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 5 scald nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 scald aux 5 scald scald VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 toddler det 7 toddler toddler NOUN Number=Sing 5 scald obj 8 even even ADV _ 11 minutes advmod 9 after after ADP _ 11 minutes case 10 fifteen fifteen NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 minutes nummod 11 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 5 scald obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 scald punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scald can a hot drink a toddler minute vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument toddler=Patient
Example 8 The recipe says to scald the milk.
det nsubj mark xcomp det obj punct root The DET recipe NOUN says VERB to PART scald VERB the DET milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 recipe det 2 recipe recipe NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 scald mark 5 scald scald VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 says xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 milk det 7 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 5 scald obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the recipe vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 scald to-infinitive the recipe not said here the milk vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient
Example 9 It rushed down my throat and scalded me.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss obj cc conj obj punct root It PRON rushed VERB down ADP my PRON throat NOUN and CCONJ scalded VERB me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rushed nsubj 2 rushed rush VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 rushed compound:prt 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 throat nmod:poss 5 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 2 rushed obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 scalded cc 7 scalded scald VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 rushed conj 8 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 scalded obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 rushed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rush down past It my throat vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location throat=Theme 2 scald past me vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent i=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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