scale Who acts: scale, tool, 1 cm, Scales, notes, you · What happens: be, weigh, show, make, stand, go up · To what, where: tool, things, real distances, set, small hard plates, skin · Speech: someone speaks here
«scale» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: scale in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A scale, or scales, is a tool for weighing things.
det nsubj punct cc conj punct cop det mark acl obj punct root A DET scale NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ scales NOUN , PUNCT is AUX a DET tool NOUN for SCONJ weighing VERB things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scale det 2 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 9 tool nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 scales punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 scales cc 5 scales scale NOUN Number=Plur 2 scale conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 scale punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 tool cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tool det 9 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 for for SCONJ _ 11 weighing mark 11 weighing weigh VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 tool acl 12 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 11 weighing obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 tool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a scale or scales a tool tree rules 2 weigh gerund a tool not said here things vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme thing=Value
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A scale on a map or plan shows how real distances are made smaller: «1 cm stands for 1 km».
The tree, 20 words det nsubj case det nmod cc conj advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp xcomp punct punct nummod nsubj conj case nummod obl punct punct root A DET scale NOUN on ADP a DET map NOUN or CCONJ plan NOUN shows VERB how ADV real ADJ distances NOUN are AUX made VERB smaller ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT 1 NUM cm NOUN stands VERB for ADP 1 NUM km NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scale det 2 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 8 shows nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 map case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 map det 5 map map NOUN Number=Sing 2 scale nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 plan cc 7 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 5 map conj 8 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 real advmod 10 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 11 distances amod 11 distances distance NOUN Number=Plur 13 made nsubj:pass 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 made aux:pass 13 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 shows ccomp 14 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 made xcomp 15 : : PUNCT _ 19 stands punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 19 stands punct 17 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 18 cm nummod 18 cm cm NOUN Number=Sing 19 stands nsubj 19 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 shows conj 20 for for ADP _ 22 km case 21 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 22 km nummod 22 km km NOUN Number=Sing 19 stands obl 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 km punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a scale on a map or plan vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make present · passive real distances small property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 3 stand in a quote present 1 cm for 1 km vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for km=Attribute
Meaning 3 A scale is a set of marks with numbers for measuring, like on a ruler or thermometer.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case nmod case nmod punct case case det conj cc conj punct root A DET scale NOUN is AUX a DET set NOUN of ADP marks NOUN with ADP numbers NOUN for ADP measuring NOUN , PUNCT like ADP on ADP a DET ruler NOUN or CCONJ thermometer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scale det 2 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 5 set nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 set cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 set det 5 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 marks case 7 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 5 set nmod 8 with with ADP _ 9 numbers case 9 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 7 marks nmod 10 for for ADP _ 11 measuring case 11 measuring measuring NOUN Number=Sing 9 numbers nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 ruler punct 13 like like ADP _ 16 ruler case 14 on on ADP _ 16 ruler case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 ruler det 16 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 5 set conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 thermometer cc 18 thermometer thermometer NOUN Number=Sing 16 ruler conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a scale a set and a ruler or thermometer of marks with numbers for measuring tree rules
Meaning 4 Scales are the small hard plates on the skin of fish and snakes.
nsubj cop det amod amod case det nmod case nmod cc conj punct root Scales NOUN are AUX the DET small ADJ hard ADJ plates NOUN on ADP the DET skin NOUN of ADP fish NOUN and CCONJ snakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scales scale NOUN Number=Plur 6 plates nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 plates cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 plates det 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plates amod 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 plates amod 6 plates plate NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 skin case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 skin det 9 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 6 plates nmod 10 of of ADP _ 11 fish case 11 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 9 skin nmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 snakes cc 13 snakes snake NOUN Number=Plur 11 fish conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 plates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Scales the small hard plates the skin of fish and snakes tree rules
Meaning 5 A scale in music is notes going up or down in order.
det nsubj case nmod cop acl advmod cc conj case obl punct root A DET scale NOUN in ADP music NOUN is AUX notes NOUN going VERB up ADV or CCONJ down ADV in ADP order NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scale det 2 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 6 notes nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 music case 4 music music NOUN Number=Sing 2 scale nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 notes cop 6 notes note NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 notes acl 8 up up ADV _ 7 going advmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 down cc 10 down down ADV _ 8 up conj 11 in in ADP _ 12 order case 12 order order NOUN Number=Sing 7 going obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 notes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a scale in music notes tree rules 2 go up gerund notes not said here in order vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in order=Attribute
Meaning 6 To scale a wall is to climb it.
mark nsubj det nmod cop mark obj punct root To PART scale NOUN a DET wall NOUN is AUX to PART climb VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 scale mark 2 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 7 climb nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 wall det 4 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 2 scale nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 climb cop 6 to to PART _ 7 climb mark 7 climb climb VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 climb obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 climb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present scale a wall climb property tree rules
Example 1 The scale shows 5 kg.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET scale NOUN shows VERB 5 NUM kg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scale det 2 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 3 shows obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the scale 5 kg vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kg=Recipient
Example 2 On the map, 1 cm stands for 2 km.
case det obl punct nummod nsubj case nummod obl punct root On ADP the DET map NOUN , PUNCT 1 NUM cm NOUN stands VERB for ADP 2 NUM km NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 map case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 map det 3 map map NOUN Number=Sing 7 stands obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 map punct 5 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cm nummod 6 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 7 stands nsubj 7 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 for for ADP _ 10 km case 9 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 km nummod 10 km km NOUN Number=Sing 7 stands obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 stands punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand present 1 cm the map for 2 km vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on map=Location
Example 3 Put the apples on the scale.
det obj case det obl punct root Put VERB the DET apples NOUN on ADP the DET scale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 apples det 3 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 scale case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 scale det 6 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here the apples the scale vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme on scale=Destination
Example 4 The scale balances.
det compound punct root The DET scale NOUN balances NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 balances det 2 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 3 balances compound 3 balances balance NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 balances punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 Fish and snakes are covered in scales.
nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass case obl punct root Fish NOUN and CCONJ snakes NOUN are AUX covered VERB in ADP scales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 5 covered nsubj:pass 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 snakes cc 3 snakes snake NOUN Number=Plur 1 Fish conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 covered aux:pass 5 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 scales case 7 scales scale NOUN Number=Plur 5 covered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover present · passive Fish and snakes in scales vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme
Example 6 She practises her piano scales every day.
nsubj nmod:poss compound obj det obl:unmarked punct root She PRON practises VERB her PRON piano NOUN scales NOUN every DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 practises nsubj 2 practises practise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 scales nmod:poss 4 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 5 scales compound 5 scales scale NOUN Number=Plur 2 practises obj 6 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 day det 7 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 practises obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 practises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise present She her piano scales day tree rules
Example 7 On a scale of 1 to 10, how much did you like the film?
The tree, 14 words case det obl case nmod case nmod punct advmod obj aux nsubj det obj punct root On ADP a DET scale NOUN of ADP 1 NUM to ADP 10 NUM , PUNCT how ADV much ADJ did AUX you PRON like VERB the DET film NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 scale case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 scale det 3 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 13 like obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 1 case 5 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 scale nmod 6 to to ADP _ 7 10 case 7 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 1 nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 like punct 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 10 much advmod 10 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 13 like obj 11 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 like aux 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 like nsubj 13 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 film det 15 film film NOUN Number=Sing 13 like obj 16 ? ? PUNCT _ 13 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like past · do-support you much a scale of 1 to 10 tree rules
Example 8 The climbers scaled the cliff.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET climbers NOUN scaled VERB the DET cliff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 climbers det 2 climbers climber NOUN Number=Plur 3 scaled nsubj 3 scaled scale VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cliff det 5 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 3 scaled obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 scaled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scale past the climbers the cliff vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cliff=Source
Example 9 Will you lend me your best pair of scales?"
aux nsubj iobj nmod:poss amod obj case nmod punct punct root Will AUX you PRON lend VERB me PRON your PRON best ADJ pair NOUN of ADP scales NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 lend aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 lend nsubj 3 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 lend iobj 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 pair nmod:poss 6 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 7 pair amod 7 pair pair NOUN Number=Sing 3 lend obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 scales case 9 scales scale NOUN Number=Plur 7 pair nmod 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 lend punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 3 lend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend future you your best pair of scales me vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient pair=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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