shine Who acts: light, Shine, sun, you, Moon, He · What happens: shine, be, reflect, polish, go, begin · To what, where: light, something, it, brightness, torch, sunlight
«shine» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shine in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To shine is to give out bright light, like the sun or a torch.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark compound:prt amod obj punct case det obl cc det conj punct root To PART shine VERB is AUX to PART give VERB out ADP bright ADJ light NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET sun NOUN or CCONJ a DET torch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shine mark 2 shine shine VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 give csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 give cop 4 to to PART _ 5 give mark 5 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 out out ADP _ 5 give compound:prt 7 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 8 light amod 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 give obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 sun punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 sun case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 sun det 12 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 5 give obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 torch cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 torch det 15 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 12 sun conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine to-infinitive vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present like the sun or a torch; give property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To shine is to look bright because light reflects on it, like polished shoes.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark xcomp mark nsubj advcl case obl punct case amod obl punct root To PART shine VERB is AUX to PART look VERB bright ADJ because SCONJ light NOUN reflects VERB on ADP it PRON , PUNCT like ADP polished VERB shoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shine mark 2 shine shine VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 look csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 look cop 4 to to PART _ 5 look mark 5 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 5 look xcomp 7 because because SCONJ _ 9 reflects mark 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 9 reflects nsubj 9 reflects reflect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 look advcl 10 on on ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 reflects obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 shoes punct 13 like like ADP _ 15 shoes case 14 polished polish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 shoes amod 15 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 9 reflects obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine to-infinitive vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present bright, look property tree rules 3 reflect present light like polished shoes; on it vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on it=Topic 4 polish participle vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To shine a light is to point it at something.
mark advcl det obj cop mark obj case obl punct root To PART shine VERB a DET light NOUN is AUX to PART point VERB it PRON at ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shine mark 2 shine shine VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 point advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 light det 4 light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 shine obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 point cop 6 to to PART _ 7 point mark 7 point point VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 point obj 9 at at ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 point obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine to-infinitive a light vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme 2 is present something point property tree rules
Meaning 4 To shine at something is to be very good at it.
mark advcl case obl cop mark cop advmod case obl punct root To PART shine VERB at ADP something PRON is AUX to PART be AUX very ADV good ADJ at ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shine mark 2 shine shine VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 good advcl 3 at at ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 shine obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 good cop 6 to to PART _ 9 good mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 good cop 8 very very ADV _ 9 good advmod 9 good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 at at ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 good obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 good punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine to-infinitive something vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at something=Location 2 is present it good property tree rules
Meaning 5 Shine is the brightness of a polished surface.
nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct root Shine NOUN is AUX the DET brightness NOUN of ADP a DET polished VERB surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shine shine NOUN Number=Sing 4 brightness nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 brightness cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 brightness det 4 brightness brightness NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 surface case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 surface det 7 polished polish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 surface amod 8 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 4 brightness nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 brightness punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shine the brightness of a polished surface tree rules 2 polish participle vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The sun is shining today.
det nsubj aux obl:unmarked punct root The DET sun NOUN is AUX shining VERB today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sun det 2 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 4 shining nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shining aux 4 shining shine VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 today today NOUN Number=Sing 4 shining obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 shining punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine present · progressive the sun today vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Shine the torch over here.
det obj case obl punct root Shine VERB the DET torch NOUN over ADP here ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shine shine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 torch det 3 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 1 Shine obj 4 over over ADP _ 5 here case 5 here here ADV PronType=Dem 1 Shine obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Shine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine imperative you not said here the torch vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme
Example 3 The Moon shines because it reflects sunlight.
det nsubj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root The DET Moon PROPN shines VERB because SCONJ it PRON reflects VERB sunlight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Moon det 2 Moon Moon PROPN Number=Sing 3 shines nsubj 3 shines shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 6 reflects mark 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 reflects nsubj 6 reflects reflect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 shines advcl 7 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 6 reflects obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 shines punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine present the Moon vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location 2 reflect present Moon sunlight tree rules
Example 4 He polished his shoes to a shine.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root He PRON polished VERB his PRON shoes NOUN to ADP a DET shine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 polished nsubj 2 polished polish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 shoes nmod:poss 4 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 2 polished obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 shine case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 shine det 7 shine shine NOUN Number=Sing 2 polished obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 polished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 polish past He his shoes to a shine vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent shoe=Destination
Example 5 Her eyes shone with excitement.
nmod:poss nsubj case obl punct root Her PRON eyes NOUN shone VERB with ADP excitement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 eyes nmod:poss 2 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 3 shone nsubj 3 shone shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 excitement case 5 excitement excitement NOUN Number=Sing 3 shone obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 shone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine past Her eyes with excitement vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with excitement=Theme
Example 6 She really shines at swimming.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root She PRON really ADV shines VERB at ADP swimming NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 shines nsubj 2 really really ADV _ 3 shines advmod 3 shines shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 5 swimming case 5 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 3 shines obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 shines punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine present She swimming vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at swimming=Location
Example 7 We'll go to the match, rain or shine.
nsubj aux case det obl punct conj cc conj punct root We PRON 'll AUX go VERB to ADP the DET match NOUN , PUNCT rain NOUN or CCONJ shine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 go nsubj 2 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 go aux 3 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 match case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 match det 6 match match NOUN Number=Sing 3 go obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 rain punct 8 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 6 match conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 shine cc 10 shine shine NOUN Number=Sing 6 match conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go future We the match and rain or shine vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to match=Initial_Location
Example 8 Then the Sun began to shine.
advmod det nsubj mark xcomp punct root Then ADV the DET Sun PROPN began VERB to PART shine VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 began advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Sun det 3 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 4 began nsubj 4 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 shine mark 6 shine shine VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 began xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the Sun then vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 shine to-infinitive the Sun not said here vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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