shotgun Who acts: long gun, Shotgun, children, front seat, I, brother · What happens: fire, use, be, shout, claim, sit · To what, where: many small metal balls, front, shotgun, foxes, gun, one · Speech: someone speaks here
«shotgun» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shotgun in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A long gun that fires many small metal balls at once, used for hunting birds.
The tree, 15 words det amod nsubj acl:relcl amod amod compound obj case obl punct conj case compound obl punct root A DET long ADJ gun NOUN that PRON fires VERB many ADJ small ADJ metal NOUN balls NOUN at ADP once ADV , PUNCT used VERB for ADP hunting NOUN birds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 gun det 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 3 gun amod 3 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 fires nsubj 5 fires fire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 gun acl:relcl 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 balls amod 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 balls amod 8 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 9 balls compound 9 balls ball NOUN Number=Plur 5 fires obj 10 at at ADP _ 11 once case 11 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 5 fires obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 used punct 13 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 fires conj 14 for for ADP _ 16 birds case 15 hunting hunting NOUN Number=Sing 16 birds compound 16 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 13 used obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 gun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fire present a long gun many small metal balls vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ball=Theme at once=Destination 2 use participle a long gun not said here for hunting birds vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: US, Canada, Australia, slang — kept apart, not parsed.
«Shotgun!» is what children shout to claim the front seat of a car.
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj punct punct cop nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl det amod obj case det nmod punct root « PUNCT Shotgun NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT is AUX what PRON children NOUN shout VERB to PART claim VERB the DET front ADJ seat NOUN of ADP a DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Shotgun punct 2 Shotgun shotgun NOUN Number=Sing 6 what nsubj 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Shotgun punct 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Shotgun punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 what cop 6 what what PRON PronType=Int root root 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 8 shout nsubj 8 shout shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 what acl:relcl 9 to to PART _ 10 claim mark 10 claim claim VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 shout advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 seat det 12 front front ADJ Degree=Pos 13 seat amod 13 seat seat NOUN Number=Sing 10 claim obj 14 of of ADP _ 16 car case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 car det 16 car car NOUN Number=Sing 13 seat nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 what punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shotgun tree rules 2 shout speech: express present children vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 claim speech: other to-infinitive the front seat of a car vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Shotgun! I'm sitting in the front!
Sentence 1: Shotgun!
punct root Shotgun NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shotgun shotgun NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Shotgun punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: I'm sitting in the front!
nsubj aux case det obl punct root I PRON 'm AUX sitting VERB in ADP the DET front NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 sitting nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 sitting aux 3 sitting sit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 front case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 front det 6 front front NOUN Number=Sing 3 sitting obl 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 sitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit present · progressive I the front vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location
Example 2 My brother always calls shotgun first.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod obj advmod punct root My PRON brother NOUN always ADV calls VERB shotgun NOUN first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 calls nsubj 3 always always ADV PronType=Tot 4 calls advmod 4 calls call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 shotgun shotgun NOUN Number=Sing 4 calls obj 6 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 4 calls advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 calls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present My brother shotgun always, first property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent shotgun=Recipient
Example 3 The farmer kept a shotgun to scare foxes.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl obj punct root The DET farmer NOUN kept VERB a DET shotgun NOUN to PART scare VERB foxes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 kept nsubj 3 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 shotgun det 5 shotgun shotgun NOUN Number=Sing 3 kept obj 6 to to PART _ 7 scare mark 7 scare scare VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 kept advcl 8 foxes fox NOUN Number=Plur 7 scare obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past the farmer a shotgun vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shotgun=Theme 2 scare to-infinitive the farmer not said here foxes vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fox=Experiencer
Example 4 Never touch a gun if you find one; tell an adult.
advmod det obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct conj det obj punct root Never ADV touch VERB a DET gun NOUN if SCONJ you PRON find VERB one NUM ; PUNCT tell VERB an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 touch advmod 2 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 gun det 4 gun gun NOUN Number=Sing 2 touch obj 5 if if SCONJ _ 7 find mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 find nsubj 7 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 touch advcl 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 find obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 tell punct 10 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 touch conj 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 adult det 12 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 10 tell obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not touch imperative you not said here a gun vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gun=Co-Theme 2 find a condition, not said to happen present you one vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a adult vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
Example 5 He rode shotgun on the long trip.
nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root He PRON rode VERB shotgun NOUN on ADP the DET long ADJ trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 rode nsubj 2 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shotgun shotgun NOUN Number=Sing 2 rode obj 4 on on ADP _ 7 trip case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trip det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 trip amod 7 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 rode obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past He shotgun the long trip vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shotgun=Theme
Example 6 Shotguns are used to hunt ducks.
nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp obj punct root Shotguns NOUN are AUX used VERB to PART hunt VERB ducks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shotguns shotgun NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 hunt mark 5 hunt hunt VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used xcomp 6 ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 5 hunt obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive Shotguns vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 hunt to-infinitive ducks vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duck=Theme
Example 7 The big man had been wakened by the noise, and had fired both barrels of a shotgun into Nag just behind the hood.
The tree, 23 words det amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case det obl punct cc aux conj det obj case det nmod case obl advmod case det obl punct root The DET big ADJ man NOUN had AUX been AUX wakened VERB by ADP the DET noise NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ had AUX fired VERB both DET barrels NOUN of ADP a DET shotgun NOUN into ADP Nag PROPN just ADV behind ADP the DET hood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 man det 2 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 3 man amod 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing 6 wakened nsubj:pass 4 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 wakened aux 5 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 wakened aux:pass 6 wakened waken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 by by ADP _ 9 noise case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 noise det 9 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 6 wakened obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 fired punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 fired cc 12 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 fired aux 13 fired fire VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 wakened conj 14 both both DET PronType=Tot 15 barrels det 15 barrels barrel NOUN Number=Plur 13 fired obj 16 of of ADP _ 18 shotgun case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 shotgun det 18 shotgun shotgun NOUN Number=Sing 15 barrels nmod 19 into into ADP _ 20 Nag case 20 Nag Nag PROPN Number=Sing 13 fired obl 21 just just ADV _ 24 hood advmod 22 behind behind ADP _ 24 hood case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 hood det 24 hood hood NOUN Number=Sing 13 fired obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 6 wakened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 waken past · perfect · passive the noise the big man vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient 2 fire past · perfect the noise not said here both barrels of a shotgun Nag behind the hood vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent barrel=Theme into nag=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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