shoulder Who acts: shoulder, arm, cars, something, She, He · What happens: be, join, stop, mean, carry, take · To what, where: part, rest, strip, edge, it, shoulder · Speech: someone speaks here
«shoulder» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shoulder in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Your shoulder is the part of your body where your arm joins the rest of your body, below your neck.
The tree, 20 words nmod:poss nsubj cop det case nmod:poss nmod advmod nmod:poss nsubj acl det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct case nmod:poss conj punct root Your PRON shoulder NOUN is AUX the DET part NOUN of ADP your PRON body NOUN where ADV your PRON arm NOUN joins VERB the DET rest NOUN of ADP your PRON body NOUN , PUNCT below ADP your PRON neck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 shoulder nmod:poss 2 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 5 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 part det 5 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 body case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 body nmod:poss 8 body body NOUN Number=Sing 5 part nmod 9 where where ADV PronType=Rel 12 joins advmod 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 arm nmod:poss 11 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 12 joins nsubj 12 joins join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 part acl 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 rest det 14 rest rest NOUN Number=Sing 12 joins obj 15 of of ADP _ 17 body case 16 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 body nmod:poss 17 body body NOUN Number=Sing 14 rest nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 neck punct 19 below below ADP _ 21 neck case 20 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 21 neck nmod:poss 21 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 12 joins conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your shoulder the part of your body tree rules 2 join present your arm the rest of your body vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The shoulder of a road (US, Canada, Australia) is the strip at the edge where cars can stop.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj case det nmod punct appos punct conj punct conj punct cop det case det nmod advmod nsubj aux acl:relcl punct root The DET shoulder NOUN of ADP a DET road NOUN ( PUNCT US PROPN , PUNCT Canada PROPN , PUNCT Australia PROPN ) PUNCT is AUX the DET strip NOUN at ADP the DET edge NOUN where ADV cars NOUN can AUX stop VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shoulder det 2 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 15 strip nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 road case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 road det 5 road road NOUN Number=Sing 2 shoulder nmod 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 US punct 7 US US PROPN Number=Sing 5 road appos 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 Canada punct 9 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 7 US conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 Australia punct 11 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 7 US conj 12 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 US punct 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 strip cop 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 strip det 15 strip strip NOUN Number=Sing root root 16 at at ADP _ 18 edge case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 edge det 18 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 15 strip nmod 19 where where ADV PronType=Rel 22 stop advmod 20 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 22 stop nsubj 21 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 stop aux 22 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 edge acl:relcl 23 . . PUNCT _ 15 strip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the shoulder of a road the strip the edge tree rules 2 stop can cars vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Meaning 3 To shoulder something means to carry it on your shoulder, or to take on a job or blame.
The tree, 18 words case compound nsubj mark xcomp obj case nmod:poss obl punct cc mark conj case det obl cc conj punct root To ADP shoulder NOUN something PRON means VERB to PART carry VERB it PRON on ADP your PRON shoulder NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART take VERB on ADP a DET job NOUN or CCONJ blame NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 2 shoulder case 2 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 3 something compound 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 carry mark 6 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 carry obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 shoulder case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 shoulder nmod:poss 10 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 6 carry obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 take punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 take cc 13 to to PART _ 14 take mark 14 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 carry conj 15 on on ADP _ 17 job case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 job det 17 job job NOUN Number=Sing 14 take obl 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 blame cc 19 blame blame NOUN Number=Sing 17 job conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 carry not said to happen to-infinitive something not said here it your shoulder vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 take to-infinitive something not said here a job or blame vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on job=Destination
Example 1 She carried her bag on her shoulder.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON carried VERB her PRON bag NOUN on ADP her PRON shoulder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 carried nsubj 2 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bag nmod:poss 4 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 2 carried obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 shoulder case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 shoulder nmod:poss 7 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 2 carried obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past She her bag her shoulder vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme
Example 2 He shrugged his shoulders; he didn't know.
nsubj nmod:poss obj punct nsubj aux advmod conj punct root He PRON shrugged VERB his PRON shoulders NOUN ; PUNCT he PRON did AUX n't PART know VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shrugged nsubj 2 shrugged shrug VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 shoulders nmod:poss 4 shoulders shoulder NOUN Number=Plur 2 shrugged obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 know punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 know nsubj 7 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 know aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 know advmod 9 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 shrugged conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 shrugged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shrug past He his shoulders vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoulder=Patient 2 not know past · do-support he vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint.
det nsubj cop det compound punct cc punct compound punct root The DET shoulder NOUN is AUX a DET ball NOUN - PUNCT and CCONJ - PUNCT socket NOUN joint NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shoulder det 2 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 10 joint nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 joint cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 joint det 5 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 10 joint compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 10 joint punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 joint cc 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 and punct 9 socket socket NOUN Number=Sing 10 joint compound 10 joint joint NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 joint punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the shoulder a ball socket joint tree rules
Example 4 My dad lifted me onto his shoulders to see the parade.
nmod:poss nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl mark advcl det obj punct root My PRON dad NOUN lifted VERB me PRON onto ADP his PRON shoulders NOUN to PART see VERB the DET parade NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 dad nmod:poss 2 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 lifted nsubj 3 lifted lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 lifted obj 5 onto onto ADP _ 7 shoulders case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 shoulders nmod:poss 7 shoulders shoulder NOUN Number=Plur 3 lifted obl 8 to to PART _ 9 see mark 9 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 lifted advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 parade det 11 parade parade NOUN Number=Sing 9 see obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 lifted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lift past My dad me dad's shoulders vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme onto shoulder=Destination 2 see to-infinitive My dad not said here the parade vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer parade=Stimulus
Example 5 Tap her on the shoulder to say hello.
obj case det obl mark advcl obj punct root Tap VERB her PRON on ADP the DET shoulder NOUN to PART say VERB hello INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tap tap VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Tap obj 3 on on ADP _ 5 shoulder case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shoulder det 5 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 1 Tap obl 6 to to PART _ 7 say mark 7 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Tap advcl 8 hello hello INTJ _ 7 say obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Tap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tap imperative you not said here her = she on the shoulder vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent she=Instrument on shoulder=Patient 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hello=Topic
Example 6 The car pulled over onto the shoulder.
det nsubj:pass advmod case det obl punct root The DET car NOUN pulled VERB over ADV onto ADP the DET shoulder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled nsubj:pass 3 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADV _ 3 pulled advmod 5 onto onto ADP _ 7 shoulder case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shoulder det 7 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull over past · passive the car the shoulder over property vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 7 Head, shoulders, knees and toes!
compound punct punct conj cc conj punct root Head NOUN , PUNCT shoulders NOUN , PUNCT knees NOUN and CCONJ toes NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 shoulders compound 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 shoulders punct 3 shoulders shoulder NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 knees punct 5 knees knee NOUN Number=Plur 3 shoulders conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 toes cc 7 toes toe NOUN Number=Plur 3 shoulders conj 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 shoulders punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 8 But an iron claw gripped his shoulder.
cc det compound nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root But CCONJ an DET iron NOUN claw NOUN gripped VERB his PRON shoulder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 5 gripped cc 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 claw det 3 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 4 claw compound 4 claw claw NOUN Number=Sing 5 gripped nsubj 5 gripped grip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 shoulder nmod:poss 7 shoulder shoulder NOUN Number=Sing 5 gripped obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 gripped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grip past a iron claw claw's shoulder vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoulder=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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