simulation

Who acts: simulation, people, We, planets, Pilots, fire drill · What happens: be, make, study, practise, mean, pretend · To what, where: copy, simulation, pretend version, false show, interest, computer simulation

«simulation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: simulation in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A simulation is a copy of a real situation, made on a computer or with models, so that people can study it or practise safely.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 simulation	det
2	simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 copy	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 copy	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 copy	det
5	copy	copy	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 situation	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 situation	det
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 situation	amod
9	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 copy	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 made	punct
11	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 copy	acl
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 computer	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 computer	det
14	computer	computer	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 made	obl:agent
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 models	cc
16	with	with	ADP	_	17 models	case
17	models	model	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 computer	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 study	punct
19	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	23 study	mark
20	that	that	SCONJ	_	19 so	fixed
21	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 study	nsubj
22	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 study	aux
23	study	study	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 made	advcl
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 study	obj
25	or	or	CCONJ	_	26 practise	cc
26	practise	practise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 study	conj
27	safely	safely	ADV	_	26 practise	advmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 copy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a simulation	a copy	of a real situation	tree rules
2	make	participle		a copy not said here		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	study	can	people	simulation		vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
4	practise	infinitive	people not said here		safely property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A simulation can also be a pretend version of something, like a fire drill or a flight simulator.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 simulation	det
2	simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 version	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 version	aux
4	also	also	ADV	_	8 version	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 version	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 version	det
7	pretend	pretend	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 version	amod
8	version	version	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 something	case
10	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	8 version	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 drill	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	15 drill	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 drill	det
14	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 drill	compound
15	drill	drill	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 something	nmod
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 simulator	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 simulator	det
18	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 simulator	compound
19	simulator	simulator	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 drill	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 version	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	a simulation	a pretend version				of something	tree rules

Meaning 3

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

Simulation can mean pretending, putting on a false show: a simulation of interest.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mean	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 mean	aux
3	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	pretending	pretend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 mean	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 putting	punct
6	putting	put	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 pretending	conj
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 show	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 show	det
9	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 show	amod
10	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 putting	obl
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 simulation	punct
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 simulation	det
13	simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 show	conj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 interest	case
15	interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 simulation	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	mean	can	Simulation			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	pretend not said to happen	gerund	Simulation not said here			tree rules
3	put	gerund	Simulation not said here		a false show and a simulation of interest	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on show=Destination
4	simulate			interest		nom simulation «act transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

We used a computer simulation to see how the planets orbit the Sun.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 simulation	det
4	computer	computer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 simulation	compound
5	simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 see	mark
7	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 used	advcl
8	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	11 orbit	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 planets	det
10	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 orbit	nsubj
11	orbit	orbit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 see	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Sun.	det
13	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 orbit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	use	past	We	a computer simulation		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent simulation=Patient
2	see	to-infinitive	We not said here			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	orbit	present	the planets		sunday	vn orbit-51.9.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme

Example 2

Pilots practise emergencies in a flight simulator.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pilots	pilot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 practise	nsubj
2	practise	practise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	emergencies	emergency	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 practise	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 simulator	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 simulator	det
6	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 simulator	compound
7	simulator	simulator	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 practise	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 practise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	practise	present	Pilots	emergencies		a flight simulator			tree rules

Example 3

The fire drill is a simulation of a real fire.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 drill	det
2	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drill	compound
3	drill	drill	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 simulation	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 simulation	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 simulation	det
6	simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 fire	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fire	det
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fire	amod
10	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 simulation	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 simulation	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the fire drill	a simulation				of a real fire	tree rules

Example 4

The simulation rolled a dice a thousand times.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 simulation	det
2	simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rolled	nsubj
3	rolled	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dice	det
5	dice	dice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rolled	obj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 thousand	det
7	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 times	nummod
8	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rolled	obl:unmarked
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 rolled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	past	the simulation	a dice			time		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dice=Agent

Example 5

Scientists run simulations to predict the weather.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 run	nsubj
2	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	simulations	simulation	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 run	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 predict	mark
5	predict	predict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 run	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 weather	det
7	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 predict	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 run	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	Scientists	simulations					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme simulation=Trajectory
2	predict	to-infinitive	Scientists not said here	the weather					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot weather=Topic

Example 6

My brother plays a farming simulation game.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 plays	nsubj
3	plays	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 game	det
5	farming	farming	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 simulation	compound
6	simulation	simulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 game	compound
7	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 plays	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 plays	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	present	My brother	a simulation game					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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