skimming Who acts: Skimming, bird, stones, I, article, you · What happens: mean, read, get, remove, leave, move · To what, where: something, main idea, word, top, pond, water
«skimming» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: skimming in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Skimming means reading something quickly to get the main idea, without reading every word.
The tree, 14 words nsubj xcomp obj advmod mark advcl det amod obj punct mark conj det obj punct root Skimming NOUN means VERB reading VERB something PRON quickly ADV to PART get VERB the DET main ADJ idea NOUN , PUNCT without SCONJ reading VERB every DET word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skimming skimming NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 reading read VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 reading obj 5 quickly quickly ADV _ 3 reading advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 get mark 7 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 reading advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 idea det 9 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 10 idea amod 10 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 7 get obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 reading punct 12 without without SCONJ _ 13 reading mark 13 reading read VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 reading conj 14 every every DET PronType=Tot 15 word det 15 word word NOUN Number=Sing 13 reading obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Skimming vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 read not said to happen gerund Skimming not said here something quickly property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic 3 get to-infinitive Skimming not said here the main idea vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus 4 read gerund Skimming not said here every word vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Skimming means removing something from the top of a liquid, like cream from milk or leaves from a pond.
The tree, 19 words nsubj xcomp obj case det obl case det nmod punct case obl case nmod cc conj case det obl punct root Skimming NOUN means VERB removing VERB something PRON from ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP a DET liquid NOUN , PUNCT like ADP cream NOUN from ADP milk NOUN or CCONJ leaves VERB from ADP a DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skimming skimming NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 removing remove VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 removing obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 top case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 top det 7 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 removing obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 liquid case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 liquid det 10 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 7 top nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 cream punct 12 like like ADP _ 13 cream case 13 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 3 removing obl 14 from from ADP _ 15 milk case 15 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 13 cream nmod 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 leaves cc 17 leaves leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means conj 18 from from ADP _ 20 pond case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 pond det 20 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 17 leaves obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Skimming vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 remove not said to happen gerund Skimming not said here something the top of a liquid like cream from milk vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent something=Theme from top=Source 3 leave present Skimming not said here a pond vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from pond=Initial_Location
Meaning 3 Skimming means moving quickly just above or across a surface: a bird skimming the water.
The tree, 15 words nsubj xcomp advmod advmod advmod cc case det conj punct det parataxis acl det obj punct root Skimming NOUN means VERB moving VERB quickly ADV just ADV above ADV or CCONJ across ADP a DET surface NOUN : PUNCT a DET bird NOUN skimming VERB the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skimming skimming NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 quickly quickly ADV _ 3 moving advmod 5 just just ADV _ 6 above advmod 6 above above ADV _ 3 moving advmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 10 surface cc 8 across across ADP _ 10 surface case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 surface det 10 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 6 above conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 bird punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bird det 13 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 14 skimming skim VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 bird acl 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 water det 16 water water NOUN Number=Sing 14 skimming obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Skimming vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 move not said to happen gerund Skimming not said here above, quickly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 skim gerund a bird not said here the water vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent water=Source
Meaning 4 Skimming stones is throwing flat stones so they bounce across water.
csubj obj aux amod obj mark nsubj advcl case obl punct root Skimming VERB stones NOUN is AUX throwing VERB flat ADJ stones NOUN so SCONJ they PRON bounce VERB across ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skimming skim VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 throwing csubj 2 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 1 Skimming obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 throwing aux 4 throwing throw VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stones amod 6 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 4 throwing obj 7 so so SCONJ _ 9 bounce mark 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 bounce nsubj 9 bounce bounce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 throwing advcl 10 across across ADP _ 11 water case 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 9 bounce obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 throwing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim gerund stones vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent stone=Source 2 throw present · progressive Skimming flat stones vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme 3 bounce present stones = stone water vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across water=Trajectory
Meaning 5 Usage: crime — kept apart, not parsed.
Skimming is secretly copying bank card details with a hidden device, or secretly taking small amounts of money.
The tree, 18 words nsubj aux advmod compound compound obj case det amod obl punct cc advmod conj amod obj case nmod punct root Skimming NOUN is AUX secretly ADV copying VERB bank NOUN card NOUN details NOUN with ADP a DET hidden ADJ device NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ secretly ADV taking VERB small ADJ amounts NOUN of ADP money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skimming skimming NOUN Number=Sing 4 copying nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 copying aux 3 secretly secretly ADV _ 4 copying advmod 4 copying copy VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing 6 card compound 6 card card NOUN Number=Sing 7 details compound 7 details detail NOUN Number=Plur 4 copying obj 8 with with ADP _ 11 device case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 device det 10 hidden hidden ADJ Degree=Pos 11 device amod 11 device device NOUN Number=Sing 4 copying obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 taking punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 taking cc 14 secretly secretly ADV _ 15 taking advmod 15 taking take VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 copying conj 16 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 17 amounts amod 17 amounts amount NOUN Number=Plur 15 taking obj 18 of of ADP _ 19 money case 19 money money NOUN Number=Sing 17 amounts nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 copying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy present · progressive Skimming card details with a hidden device; secretly property vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Theme 2 take gerund Skimming not said here small amounts of money secretly property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Theme 3 amount money nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 I am skimming the article to see what it is about.
nsubj aux det obj mark advcl obl nsubj cop advmod punct root I PRON am AUX skimming VERB the DET article NOUN to PART see VERB what PRON it PRON is AUX about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 skimming nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 skimming aux 3 skimming skim VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 article det 5 article article NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimming obj 6 to to PART _ 7 see mark 7 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 skimming advcl 8 what what PRON PronType=Rel 11 about obl 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 about nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 about cop 11 about about ADV _ 7 see advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 skimming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim present · progressive I the article vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent article=Source 2 see to-infinitive I not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present article about property tree rules
Example 2 Skimming is useful before you answer questions on a text.
nsubj cop mark nsubj advcl obj case det obl punct root Skimming NOUN is AUX useful ADJ before SCONJ you PRON answer VERB questions NOUN on ADP a DET text NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skimming skimming NOUN Number=Sing 3 useful nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 useful cop 3 useful useful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 answer mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 answer nsubj 6 answer answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 useful advcl 7 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 6 answer obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 text case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 text det 10 text text NOUN Number=Sing 6 answer obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 useful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Skimming useful property tree rules 2 answer speech: assert present you questions a text vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality
Example 3 Grandma was skimming the cream off the milk.
nsubj aux det obj case det obl punct root Grandma NOUN was AUX skimming VERB the DET cream NOUN off ADP the DET milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimming nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 skimming aux 3 skimming skim VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cream det 5 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimming obj 6 off off ADP _ 8 milk case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 milk det 8 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimming obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 skimming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim past · progressive Grandma the cream the milk vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent cream=Theme off milk=Source
Example 4 Swallows were skimming low over the river.
nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root Swallows NOUN were AUX skimming VERB low ADV over ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swallows swallow NOUN Number=Plur 3 skimming nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 skimming aux 3 skimming skim VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 low low ADV Degree=Pos 3 skimming advmod 5 over over ADP _ 7 river case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 river det 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimming obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 skimming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim past · progressive Swallows the river low property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent
Example 5 We spent the afternoon skimming stones at the beach.
nsubj det compound compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON spent VERB the DET afternoon NOUN skimming NOUN stones NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 spent nsubj 2 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stones det 4 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 5 skimming compound 5 skimming skimming NOUN Number=Sing 6 stones compound 6 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 2 spent obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 beach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beach det 9 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 spent obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past We the skimming stones the beach vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Asset
Example 6 My stone skimmed five times!
nmod:poss nsubj nummod obl:unmarked punct root My PRON stone NOUN skimmed VERB five NUM times NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 stone nmod:poss 2 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimmed nsubj 3 skimmed skim VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 times nummod 5 times time NOUN Number=Plur 3 skimmed obl:unmarked 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 skimmed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim participle My stone time vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Police warned shoppers about card skimming at cash machines.
nsubj obj case compound nmod case compound obl punct root Police NOUN warned VERB shoppers NOUN about ADP card NOUN skimming NOUN at ADP cash NOUN machines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Police police NOUN Number=Plur 2 warned nsubj 2 warned warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shoppers shopper NOUN Number=Plur 2 warned obj 4 about about ADP _ 6 skimming case 5 card card NOUN Number=Sing 6 skimming compound 6 skimming skimming NOUN Number=Sing 3 shoppers nmod 7 at at ADP _ 9 machines case 8 cash cash NOUN Number=Sing 9 machines compound 9 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 2 warned obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 warned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn past Police shoppers cash machines about card skimming vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent shopper=Recipient about skimming=Topic
Example 8 They were now so high, that a large ship beneath them looked like a white sea-gull skimming the waves.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop advmod advmod punct mark det amod nsubj case nmod conj case det amod compound punct obl acl det obj punct root They PRON were AUX now ADV so ADV high ADJ , PUNCT that SCONJ a DET large ADJ ship NOUN beneath ADP them PRON looked VERB like ADP a DET white ADJ sea NOUN - PUNCT gull NOUN skimming VERB the DET waves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 high nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 high cop 3 now now ADV PronType=Dem 5 high advmod 4 so so ADV _ 5 high advmod 5 high high ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 13 looked punct 7 that that SCONJ _ 13 looked mark 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ship det 9 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ship amod 10 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 13 looked nsubj 11 beneath beneath ADP _ 12 them case 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 ship nmod 13 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 high conj 14 like like ADP _ 19 gull case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 gull det 16 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 19 gull amod 17 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 19 gull compound 18 - - PUNCT _ 17 sea punct 19 gull gull NOUN Number=Sing 13 looked obl 20 skimming skim VERB VerbForm=Ger 19 gull acl 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 waves det 22 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 20 skimming obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 high punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past They now high property tree rules 2 look past a large ship beneath them like a white sea gull vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 3 skim gerund a white sea gull not said here the waves vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent wave=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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