sniff Who acts: you, sniff, sound, dog, She, He · What happens: sniff, mean, breathe in, make, smell, breathe · To what, where: nose, small sound, something, it, cold, act · Speech: someone speaks here
«sniff» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sniff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To sniff means to breathe in quickly through your nose, so that you make a small sound.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj mark xcomp compound:prt advmod case nmod:poss obl punct mark fixed nsubj conj det amod obj punct root To PART sniff VERB means VERB to PART breathe VERB in ADP quickly ADV through ADP your PRON nose NOUN , PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ you PRON make VERB a DET small ADJ sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sniff mark 2 sniff sniff VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 breathe mark 5 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 5 breathe compound:prt 7 quickly quickly ADV _ 5 breathe advmod 8 through through ADP _ 10 nose case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 nose nmod:poss 10 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 5 breathe obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 make punct 12 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 make mark 13 that that SCONJ _ 12 so fixed 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 make nsubj 15 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 breathe conj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 sound det 17 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 18 sound amod 18 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 15 make obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sniff to-infinitive vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 breathe in not said to happen to-infinitive your nose quickly property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 make present you a small sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To sniff something means to smell it.
mark csubj obj mark xcomp obj punct root To PART sniff VERB something PRON means VERB to PART smell VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sniff mark 2 sniff sniff VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 sniff obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 smell mark 6 smell smell VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 smell obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sniff to-infinitive something vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 smell not said to happen to-infinitive it vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Meaning 3 To sniff can mean to breathe in noisily when you have a cold or are crying.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj aux mark xcomp case obl advmod nsubj advcl det obj cc aux conj punct root To PART sniff VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART breathe VERB in ADP noisily ADV when ADV you PRON have VERB a DET cold NOUN or CCONJ are AUX crying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sniff mark 2 sniff sniff VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 breathe mark 6 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 in in ADP _ 8 noisily case 8 noisily noisily ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 6 breathe obl 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 have advmod 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 have nsubj 11 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 breathe advcl 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 cold det 13 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 11 have obj 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 crying cc 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 crying aux 16 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 have conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sniff to-infinitive vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 breathe not said to happen to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 have present you a cold vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient 5 cry speech: express present · progressive you not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 A sniff is the act or sound of sniffing.
det nsubj cop det cc conj mark acl punct root A DET sniff NOUN is AUX the DET act NOUN or CCONJ sound NOUN of SCONJ sniffing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sniff det 2 sniff sniff NOUN Number=Sing 5 act nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 act cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 act det 5 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 sound cc 7 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 act conj 8 of of SCONJ _ 9 sniffing mark 9 sniffing sniff VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 sound acl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sniff the act or sound tree rules 2 sniff gerund sound not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The dog sniffed my shoes.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET dog NOUN sniffed VERB my PRON shoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 sniffed nsubj 3 sniffed sniff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 shoes nmod:poss 5 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 3 sniffed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 sniffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sniff past the dog my shoes vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme
Example 2 Stop sniffing and blow your nose.
xcomp cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root Stop VERB sniffing VERB and CCONJ blow VERB your PRON nose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 sniffing sniff VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 blow cc 4 blow blow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 nose nmod:poss 6 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 4 blow obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 sniff gerund you not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 blow infinitive you not said here your nose vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent nose=Patient
Example 3 She sniffed the flowers.
nsubj det obj punct root She PRON sniffed VERB the DET flowers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sniffed nsubj 2 sniffed sniff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 flowers det 4 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 2 sniffed obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 sniffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sniff past She the flowers vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Theme
Example 4 Let the dog sniff your hand first.
det obj xcomp nmod:poss obj advmod punct root Let VERB the DET dog NOUN sniff VERB your PRON hand NOUN first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dog det 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 1 Let obj 4 sniff sniff VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hand nmod:poss 6 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 4 sniff obj 7 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 4 sniff advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here the dog tree rules 2 sniff infinitive the dog not said here your hand first property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme
Example 5 Never sniff chemicals or glue.
advmod obj cc conj punct root Never ADV sniff VERB chemicals NOUN or CCONJ glue NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 sniff advmod 2 sniff sniff VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 chemicals chemical NOUN Number=Plur 2 sniff obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 glue cc 5 glue glue NOUN Number=Sing 3 chemicals conj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 sniff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not sniff imperative you not said here chemicals or glue vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme
Example 6 He gave a sad little sniff.
nsubj det amod amod obj punct root He PRON gave VERB a DET sad ADJ little ADJ sniff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sniff det 4 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sniff amod 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sniff amod 6 sniff sniff NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past He a sad little sniff vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sniff=Theme
Example 7 The fox sniffed the air for danger.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET fox NOUN sniffed VERB the DET air NOUN for ADP danger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fox det 2 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 3 sniffed nsubj 3 sniffed sniff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 air det 5 air air NOUN Number=Sing 3 sniffed obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 danger case 7 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 3 sniffed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sniffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sniff past the fox the air for danger vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
Example 8 She raised it to her nose and sniffed at it again and again.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl cc conj case obl advmod cc conj punct root She PRON raised VERB it PRON to ADP her PRON nose NOUN and CCONJ sniffed VERB at ADP it PRON again ADV and CCONJ again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 raised nsubj 2 raised raise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 raised obj 4 to to ADP _ 6 nose case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 nose nmod:poss 6 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 2 raised obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 sniffed cc 8 sniffed sniff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 raised conj 9 at at ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 sniffed obl 11 again again ADV _ 8 sniffed advmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 again cc 13 again again ADV _ 11 again conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 raised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 raise past She it her nose vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to nose=Destination 2 sniff past She not said here again at nose vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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