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soil

Who acts: plants, Earthworms, Sandy soil, Clay soil, soil, you · What happens: grow, make, let, drain, be, wash · To what, where: ground, top layer, something, soil, hands, compost

«soil» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: soil in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The top layer of the ground in which plants grow, made of tiny bits of rock, dead plants and animals, water and air.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 layer	det
2	top	top	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 layer	amod
3	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 ground	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ground	det
6	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 layer	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 grow	obl
9	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 grow	nsubj
10	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 ground	acl:relcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 made	punct
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 layer	acl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 bits	case
14	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bits	amod
15	bits	bit	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 made	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 rock	case
17	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bits	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 plants	punct
19	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 plants	amod
20	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 bits	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 animals	cc
22	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 plants	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 water	punct
24	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bits	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 air	cc
26	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bits	conj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 layer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	plants			the ground			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in which=Location
2	make	participle		the top layer of the ground not said here				of tiny bits of rock and dead plants and animals and water and air	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Land or country: «on British soil».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 country	cc
3	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Land	conj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 soil	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 soil	punct
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 soil	case
7	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 soil	amod
8	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Land	parataxis
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 soil	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Land	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Verb: to make something dirty (formal).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 make	punct
3	to	to	PART	_	4 make	mark
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Verb	acl:relcl
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 make	obj
6	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 something	amod
7	(	(	PUNCT	_	8 formal	punct
8	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 dirty	conj
9	)	)	PUNCT	_	8 formal	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Verb	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		something					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product

Example 1

Plants grow in soil.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	nsubj
2	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 soil	case
4	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grow	obl
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 grow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Plants			soil			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location

Example 2

Earthworms make the soil healthy.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Earthworms	earthworm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 soil	det
4	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
5	healthy	healthy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 make	xcomp
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Earthworms	the soil				healthy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset soil=Product

Example 3

Sandy soil lets water drain quickly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sandy	sandy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 soil	amod
2	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lets	nsubj
3	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 drain	compound
5	drain	drain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 lets	xcomp
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	5 drain	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	present	Sandy soil						tree rules
2	drain	infinitive	Sandy soil not said here					quickly property	vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source

Example 4

Clay soil is sticky when it's wet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 soil	compound
2	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sticky	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sticky	cop
4	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 wet	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 wet	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 wet	cop
8	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sticky	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sticky	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Clay soil					sticky property	tree rules
2	is	present	soil					wet property	tree rules

Example 5

Wash your hands after touching soil.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wash	wash	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 hands	nmod:poss
3	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Wash	obj
4	after	after	SCONJ	_	5 touching	mark
5	touching	touch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Wash	advcl
6	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 touching	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Wash	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wash	imperative	you not said here	your hands					vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient
2	touch	gerund	you not said here	soil					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme soil=Co-Theme

Example 6

We put compost in the soil to help the vegetables.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 put	nsubj
2	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	compost	compost	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 soil	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 soil	det
6	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 put	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 help	mark
8	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 put	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 vegetables	det
10	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 help	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	past	We	compost		the soil			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent compost=Theme in soil=Destination
2	help	to-infinitive	We not said here	the vegetables					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vegetable=Beneficiary

Example 7

Tree roots hold the soil in place.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roots	compound
2	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hold	nsubj
3	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 soil	det
5	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 place	case
7	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	Tree roots	the soil		place			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent soil=Theme in place=Location

Example 8

The soil was dry because it hadn't rained.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 soil	det
2	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dry	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dry	cop
4	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 rained	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rained	nsubj:pass
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 rained	aux
8	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 rained	advmod
9	rained	rain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 dry	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 dry	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the soil					dry property	tree rules
2	not rain	past · perfect · passive		it					tree rules

Example 9

He looked, and saw peasants tilling the soil.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 looked	nsubj
2	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 saw	punct
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 saw	cc
5	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 looked	conj
6	peasants	peasant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 saw	obj
7	tilling	till	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 peasants	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 soil	det
9	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tilling	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 looked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	past	He						vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	see	past	He not said here	peasants					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer peasant=Stimulus
3	till	gerund	peasants not said here	the soil					tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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