sourdough Who acts: water, sourdough starter, sourdough, We, you, bakery · What happens: be, make, taste, keep, feed, have · To what, where: Sourdough bread, bubbly mixture, bread, old timer, Alaska, sourdough toast
«sourdough» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sourdough in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sourdough is bread made with a starter, a mix of flour and water full of wild yeast and bacteria, instead of packet yeast; it tastes slightly sour.
The tree, 27 words compound cop acl case det obl punct det conj case nmod cc conj amod case amod obl cc conj punct case fixed compound conj punct nsubj parataxis advmod xcomp punct root Sourdough NOUN is AUX bread NOUN made VERB with ADP a DET starter NOUN , PUNCT a DET mix NOUN of ADP flour NOUN and CCONJ water NOUN full ADJ of ADP wild ADJ yeast NOUN and CCONJ bacteria NOUN , PUNCT instead ADV of ADP packet NOUN yeast NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON tastes VERB slightly ADV sour ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sourdough sourdough NOUN Number=Sing 3 bread compound 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 bread cop 3 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bread acl 5 with with ADP _ 7 starter case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 starter det 7 starter starter NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 mix punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 mix det 10 mix mix NOUN Number=Sing 3 bread conj 11 of of ADP _ 12 flour case 12 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 10 mix nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 water cc 14 water water NOUN Number=Sing 12 flour conj 15 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 12 flour amod 16 of of ADP _ 18 yeast case 17 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 18 yeast amod 18 yeast yeast NOUN Number=Sing 15 full obl 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 bacteria cc 20 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 18 yeast conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 yeast punct 22 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 25 yeast case 23 of of ADP _ 22 instead fixed 24 packet packet NOUN Number=Sing 25 yeast compound 25 yeast yeast NOUN Number=Sing 18 yeast conj 26 ; ; PUNCT _ 28 tastes punct 27 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 28 tastes nsubj 28 tastes taste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 bread parataxis 29 slightly slightly ADV _ 30 sour advmod 30 sour sour ADJ Degree=Pos 28 tastes xcomp 31 . . PUNCT _ 3 bread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sourdough bread and a mix of flour and water tree rules 2 make participle Sourdough bread and a mix of flour and water not said here with a starter vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 taste present water sour property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sourdough starter is the bubbly mixture kept alive and «fed» with flour and water to make this bread.
The tree, 19 words det amod nsubj cop det amod acl xcomp cc punct conj punct case obl cc conj mark advcl det obj punct root A DET sourdough ADJ starter NOUN is AUX the DET bubbly ADJ mixture NOUN kept VERB alive ADJ and CCONJ « PUNCT fed VERB » PUNCT with ADP flour NOUN and CCONJ water NOUN to PART make VERB this DET bread NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 starter det 2 sourdough sourdough ADJ Degree=Pos 3 starter amod 3 starter starter NOUN Number=Sing 7 mixture nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 mixture cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 mixture det 6 bubbly bubbly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 mixture amod 7 mixture mixture NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 mixture acl 9 alive alive ADJ Degree=Pos 8 kept xcomp 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 fed cc 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 fed punct 12 fed feed VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 kept conj 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 fed punct 14 with with ADP _ 15 flour case 15 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 12 fed obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 water cc 17 water water NOUN Number=Sing 15 flour conj 18 to to PART _ 19 make mark 19 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 fed advcl 20 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 21 bread det 21 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 19 make obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 mixture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sourdough starter the bubbly mixture tree rules 2 keep participle the bubbly mixture not said here alive property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 feed in a quote participle with flour and water vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent 4 make to-infinitive this bread vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bread=Product
Meaning 3 Usage: US, old — kept apart, not parsed.
A sourdough was an old-timer in Alaska or the Yukon, especially a gold prospector.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod punct case nmod cc det conj punct advmod det compound conj punct root A DET sourdough NOUN was AUX an DET old ADJ - PUNCT timer NOUN in ADP Alaska PROPN or CCONJ the DET Yukon PROPN , PUNCT especially ADV a DET gold NOUN prospector NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sourdough det 2 sourdough sourdough NOUN Number=Sing 7 timer nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 timer cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 timer det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 timer amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 old punct 7 timer timer NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 Alaska case 9 Alaska Alaska PROPN Number=Sing 7 timer nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 Yukon cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Yukon det 12 Yukon Yukon PROPN Number=Sing 9 Alaska conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 prospector punct 14 especially especially ADV _ 17 prospector advmod 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 prospector det 16 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 17 prospector compound 17 prospector prospector NOUN Number=Sing 7 timer conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 timer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a sourdough a old timer and a gold prospector Alaska or the Yukon tree rules
Example 1 We had sourdough toast for breakfast.
nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root We PRON had VERB sourdough ADJ toast NOUN for ADP breakfast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sourdough sourdough ADJ Degree=Pos 4 toast amod 4 toast toast NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 breakfast case 6 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 4 toast nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We sourdough toast for breakfast vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toast=Patient
Example 2 Our sourdough starter bubbles because of the wild yeast.
nmod:poss amod compound case fixed det amod nmod punct root Our PRON sourdough ADJ starter NOUN bubbles NOUN because ADP of ADP the DET wild ADJ yeast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bubbles nmod:poss 2 sourdough sourdough ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bubbles amod 3 starter starter NOUN Number=Sing 4 bubbles compound 4 bubbles bubble NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 yeast case 6 of of ADP _ 5 because fixed 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 yeast det 8 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 9 yeast amod 9 yeast yeast NOUN Number=Sing 4 bubbles nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 bubbles punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 Feed the starter with flour and water every day.
det obj case obl cc conj det obl:unmarked punct root Feed VERB the DET starter NOUN with ADP flour NOUN and CCONJ water NOUN every DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Feed feed VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 starter det 3 starter starter NOUN Number=Sing 1 Feed obj 4 with with ADP _ 5 flour case 5 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 1 Feed obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 water cc 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 flour conj 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 day det 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 1 Feed obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Feed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feed imperative you not said here the starter day with flour and water vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent starter=Recipient
Example 4 Sourdough tastes a bit sour because of the bacteria.
amod det obl:unmarked xcomp case fixed det obl punct root Sourdough ADJ tastes VERB a DET bit NOUN sour ADJ because ADP of ADP the DET bacteria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sourdough sourdough ADJ Degree=Pos 2 tastes amod 2 tastes taste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bit det 4 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 5 sour obl:unmarked 5 sour sour ADJ Degree=Pos 2 tastes xcomp 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 bacteria case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bacteria det 9 bacteria bacteria NOUN Number=Sing 2 tastes obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 tastes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 taste present because the bacteria; sour property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 The bakery sells a crusty sourdough loaf.
det nsubj det amod amod obj punct root The DET bakery NOUN sells VERB a DET crusty ADJ sourdough ADJ loaf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bakery det 2 bakery bakery NOUN Number=Sing 3 sells nsubj 3 sells sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 loaf det 5 crusty crusty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 loaf amod 6 sourdough sourdough ADJ Degree=Pos 7 loaf amod 7 loaf loaf NOUN Number=Sing 3 sells obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell present the bakery a crusty sourdough loaf vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loaf=Theme
Example 6 Gas bubbles from the yeast make holes in sourdough.
compound nsubj case det nmod obj case nmod punct root Gas NOUN bubbles NOUN from ADP the DET yeast NOUN make VERB holes NOUN in ADP sourdough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 2 bubbles compound 2 bubbles bubble NOUN Number=Plur 6 make nsubj 3 from from ADP _ 5 yeast case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 yeast det 5 yeast yeast NOUN Number=Sing 2 bubbles nmod 6 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 6 make obj 8 in in ADP _ 9 sourdough case 9 sourdough sourdough NOUN Number=Sing 7 holes nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Gas bubbles from the yeast holes sourdough vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product
Example 7 San Francisco is famous for its sourdough.
nsubj flat cop case nmod:poss obl punct root San PROPN Francisco PROPN is AUX famous ADJ for ADP its PRON sourdough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 San San PROPN Number=Sing 4 famous nsubj 2 Francisco Francisco PROPN Number=Sing 1 San flat 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 famous cop 4 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 sourdough case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 sourdough nmod:poss 7 sourdough sourdough NOUN Number=Sing 4 famous obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 famous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present San for its sourdough; famous property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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