specialise Who acts: she, shop, aunt, doctor, you, cells · What happens: specialise, be, work, become, specialis, sell · To what, where: expert, heart surgery, something, doctor, illnesses, Lego
«specialise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: specialise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To specialise is to study or work mainly on one subject or skill and become an expert in it: she specialises in heart surgery.
The tree, 24 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj advmod case nummod obl cc conj cc conj det xcomp case nmod punct nsubj parataxis case compound obl punct root To PART specialise VERB is AUX to PART study VERB or CCONJ work VERB mainly ADV on ADP one NUM subject NOUN or CCONJ skill NOUN and CCONJ become VERB an DET expert NOUN in ADP it PRON : PUNCT she PRON specialises VERB in ADP heart NOUN surgery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 specialise mark 2 specialise specialise VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 study csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 study cop 4 to to PART _ 5 study mark 5 study study VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 work cc 7 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 study conj 8 mainly mainly ADV _ 7 work advmod 9 on on ADP _ 11 subject case 10 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 subject nummod 11 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 7 work obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 skill cc 13 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing 11 subject conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 become cc 15 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 work conj 16 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 expert det 17 expert expert NOUN Number=Sing 15 become xcomp 18 in in ADP _ 19 it case 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 expert nmod 20 : : PUNCT _ 22 specialises punct 21 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 specialises nsubj 22 specialises specialis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 study parataxis 23 in in ADP _ 25 surgery case 24 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 25 surgery compound 25 surgery surgery NOUN Number=Sing 22 specialises obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 specialise to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present study property tree rules 3 work infinitive on one subject or skill; mainly property vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on subject=Theme 4 become infinitive a expert in expert vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 5 specialis present she heart surgery tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A shop or business that specialises in something mainly sells or does that one thing.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl advmod cc conj case nummod obl punct root A DET shop NOUN or CCONJ business NOUN that PRON specialises VERB in ADP something PRON mainly ADV sells VERB or CCONJ does VERB that ADP one NUM thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 10 sells nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 business cc 4 business business NOUN Number=Sing 2 shop conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 specialises nsubj 6 specialises specialis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 shop acl:relcl 7 in in ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 specialises obl 9 mainly mainly ADV _ 10 sells advmod 10 sells sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 does cc 12 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sells conj 13 that that ADP _ 15 thing case 14 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 thing nummod 15 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 12 does obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 sells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 specialis present a shop or business something tree rules 2 sell present a shop or business mainly property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 3 do present a shop or business not said here that one thing vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 My aunt is a doctor who specialises in children's illnesses.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl case nmod:poss case obl punct root My PRON aunt NOUN is AUX a DET doctor NOUN who PRON specialises VERB in ADP children NOUN 's PART illnesses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 aunt nmod:poss 2 aunt aunt NOUN Number=Sing 5 doctor nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 doctor cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 doctor det 5 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 specialises nsubj 7 specialises specialis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 doctor acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 11 illnesses case 9 children child NOUN Number=Plur 11 illnesses nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 children case 11 illnesses illness NOUN Number=Plur 7 specialises obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 doctor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My aunt a doctor tree rules 2 specialis present a doctor children's illnesses tree rules
Example 2 This shop specialises in Lego.
det nsubj case obl punct root This DET shop NOUN specialises VERB in ADP Lego PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 specialises nsubj 3 specialises specialis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 Lego case 5 Lego Lego PROPN Number=Sing 3 specialises obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 specialises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 specialis present this shop Lego tree rules
Example 3 Later at university you can specialise in maths.
advmod case obl nsubj aux case obl punct root Later ADV at ADP university NOUN you PRON can AUX specialise VERB in ADP maths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Later late ADV Degree=Cmp 6 specialise advmod 2 at at ADP _ 3 university case 3 university university NOUN Number=Sing 6 specialise obl 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 specialise nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 specialise aux 6 specialise specialise VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 maths case 8 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 6 specialise obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 specialise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 specialise can you university in maths; late property tree rules
Example 4 Some cells specialise to carry oxygen.
det nsubj mark xcomp obj punct root Some DET cells NOUN specialise VERB to PART carry VERB oxygen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 cells det 2 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 3 specialise nsubj 3 specialise specialise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 carry mark 5 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 specialise xcomp 6 oxygen oxygen NOUN Number=Sing 5 carry obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 specialise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 specialise present some cells tree rules 2 carry to-infinitive some cells not said here oxygen vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme
Example 5 The team specialises in rescues on mountains.
det nsubj case obl case nmod punct root The DET team NOUN specialises VERB in ADP rescues NOUN on ADP mountains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 specialises nsubj 3 specialises specialis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 rescues case 5 rescues rescue NOUN Number=Plur 3 specialises obl 6 on on ADP _ 7 mountains case 7 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 5 rescues nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 specialises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 specialis present the team rescues on mountains tree rules
Example 6 He wants to specialise in dinosaur bones.
nsubj mark xcomp case compound obl punct root He PRON wants VERB to PART specialise VERB in ADP dinosaur NOUN bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 specialise mark 4 specialise specialise VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wants xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 bones case 6 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 7 bones compound 7 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 4 specialise obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present He vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 specialise not said to happen to-infinitive He not said here dinosaur bones tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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