spray Who acts: Spray, bottle, waves, you, Mum, skunk · What happens: be, fly, spray, push out, cover, send · To what, where: many tiny drops, air, waves, bottle, liquid, tiny drops
«spray» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spray in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Spray is many tiny drops of liquid flying through the air, like sea spray from waves.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop amod amod case nmod xcomp case det obl punct case obl conj case obl punct root Spray NOUN is AUX many ADJ tiny ADJ drops NOUN of ADP liquid ADJ flying VERB through ADP the DET air NOUN , PUNCT like ADP sea NOUN spray VERB from ADP waves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 5 drops nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 drops cop 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 drops amod 4 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 5 drops amod 5 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 liquid case 7 liquid liquid ADJ Degree=Pos 5 drops nmod 8 flying fly VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 liquid xcomp 9 through through ADP _ 11 air case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 air det 11 air air NOUN Number=Sing 8 flying obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 spray punct 13 like like ADP _ 14 sea case 14 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 15 spray obl 15 spray spray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 liquid conj 16 from from ADP _ 17 waves case 17 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 15 spray obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 drops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Spray many tiny drops of liquid tree rules 2 fly gerund Spray not said here the air vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Location 3 spray present Spray not said here waves like sea vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A spray is a can or bottle that pushes out a liquid in tiny drops, such as hair spray or bug spray.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det aux cc nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt det obj case amod obl punct case fixed compound nmod cc compound conj punct root A DET spray NOUN is AUX a DET can AUX or CCONJ bottle NOUN that PRON pushes VERB out ADP a DET liquid NOUN in ADP tiny ADJ drops NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP hair NOUN spray NOUN or CCONJ bug NOUN spray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spray det 2 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 7 bottle nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bottle cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bottle det 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 bottle aux 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 bottle cc 7 bottle bottle NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 pushes nsubj 9 pushes push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bottle acl:relcl 10 out out ADP _ 9 pushes compound:prt 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 liquid det 12 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 9 pushes obj 13 in in ADP _ 15 drops case 14 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 15 drops amod 15 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 9 pushes obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 spray punct 17 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 20 spray case 18 as as ADP _ 17 such fixed 19 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 20 spray compound 20 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 15 drops nmod 21 or or CCONJ _ 23 spray cc 22 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 23 spray compound 23 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 20 spray conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 bottle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can · present a spray a bottle tree rules 2 push out present a bottle a liquid tiny drops such hair spray or bug spray vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme in drop=Trajectory
Meaning 3 To spray is to send out liquid in tiny drops, or to cover something that way.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj cop mark compound:prt obj case amod nmod punct cc mark conj obj det obl:unmarked punct root To PART spray VERB is AUX to PART send VERB out ADP liquid NOUN in ADP tiny ADJ drops NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART cover VERB something PRON that DET way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spray mark 2 spray spray VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 send csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 send cop 4 to to PART _ 5 send mark 5 send send VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 out out ADP _ 5 send compound:prt 7 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 5 send obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 drops case 9 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 10 drops amod 10 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 7 liquid nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 cover punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 cover cc 13 to to PART _ 14 cover mark 14 cover cover VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 send conj 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 cover obj 16 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 17 way det 17 way way NOUN Number=Sing 14 cover obl:unmarked 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 send punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray to-infinitive vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 is present send property tree rules 3 cover to-infinitive something that way obl:unmarked vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Destination
Meaning 4 A spray of flowers is a small bunch of them.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod case nmod punct root A DET spray NOUN of ADP flowers NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ bunch NOUN of ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spray det 2 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 8 bunch nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 flowers case 4 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 2 spray nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 bunch cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 bunch det 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bunch amod 8 bunch bunch NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 them case 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 bunch nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 bunch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spray of flowers a small bunch of flowers = flower tree rules
Example 1 The waves sent salty spray over the rocks.
det nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root The DET waves NOUN sent VERB salty ADJ spray NOUN over ADP the DET rocks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 waves det 2 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 3 sent nsubj 3 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 salty salty ADJ Degree=Pos 5 spray amod 5 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obj 6 over over ADP _ 8 rocks case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 rocks det 8 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 3 sent obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past the waves salty spray the rocks vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spray=Theme
Example 2 Spray some water on the plants.
det obj case det obl punct root Spray VERB some DET water NOUN on ADP the DET plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spray spray VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 water det 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Spray obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 plants case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 plants det 6 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 1 Spray obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Spray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray imperative you not said here some water the plants vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme on plant=Destination
Example 3 Mum used bug spray before the camp.
nsubj compound obj case det obl punct root Mum NOUN used VERB bug NOUN spray NOUN before ADP the DET camp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 4 spray compound 4 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obj 5 before before ADP _ 7 camp case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 camp det 7 camp camp NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past Mum bug spray before the camp vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spray=Patient
Example 4 A skunk can spray a terrible smell.
det nsubj aux det amod obj punct root A DET skunk NOUN can AUX spray VERB a DET terrible ADJ smell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 skunk det 2 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 4 spray nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 spray aux 4 spray spray VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 smell det 6 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 7 smell amod 7 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 4 spray obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 spray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray can a skunk a terrible smell vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent smell=Theme
Example 5 The firefighters sprayed water on the fire.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET firefighters NOUN sprayed VERB water NOUN on ADP the DET fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 firefighters det 2 firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 3 sprayed nsubj 3 sprayed spray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprayed obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 fire case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fire det 7 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sprayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray past the firefighters water the fire vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme on fire=Destination
Example 6 Do not spray cleaner near your face.
aux advmod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Do AUX not PART spray VERB cleaner NOUN near ADP your PRON face NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 spray aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 spray advmod 3 spray spray VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 cleaner cleaner NOUN Number=Sing 3 spray obj 5 near near ADP _ 7 face case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 face nmod:poss 7 face face NOUN Number=Sing 3 spray obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 spray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not spray imperative · do-support you not said here cleaner your face vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cleaner=Theme near face=Destination
Example 7 I put on sunscreen spray at the beach.
nsubj case compound obl case det obl punct root I PRON put VERB on ADP sunscreen NOUN spray NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 spray case 4 sunscreen sunscreen NOUN Number=Sing 5 spray compound 5 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 6 at at ADP _ 8 beach case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 beach det 8 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put present I sunscreen spray at the beach vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on spray=Destination
Example 8 He gave her a spray of roses.
nsubj iobj det obj case nmod punct root He PRON gave VERB her PRON a DET spray NOUN of ADP roses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 spray det 5 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 roses case 7 roses rose NOUN Number=Plur 5 spray nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past He a spray of roses her = she vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient spray=Theme
Example 9 Splash! splash! the water leaped upward into spray.
compound punct punct det conj acl advmod case obl punct root Splash NOUN ! PUNCT splash NOUN ! PUNCT the DET water NOUN leaped VERB upward ADV into ADP spray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Splash splash NOUN Number=Sing 3 splash compound 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Splash punct 3 splash splash NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 water punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 water det 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 splash conj 7 leaped leap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 water acl 8 upward upward ADV _ 7 leaped advmod 9 into into ADP _ 10 spray case 10 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 7 leaped obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 splash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leap participle the water not said here spray upward property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into spray=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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