stammer Who acts: you, I, stammer, speech condition, person, he · What happens: stammer, mean, speak, repeat, be, not know · To what, where: speech condition, person, sounds, stammer, USA, question · Speech: someone speaks here
«stammer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stammer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To stammer means to speak with pauses and repeated sounds, because you are nervous or because of a speech condition («I-I-I don't know»).
The tree, 26 words mark csubj mark xcomp case obl cc amod conj punct mark nsubj cop advcl cc case fixed det compound conj punct punct nsubj punct conj punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis punct punct punct root To PART stammer VERB means VERB to PART speak VERB with ADP pauses NOUN and CCONJ repeated VERB sounds NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ you PRON are AUX nervous ADJ or CCONJ because ADP of ADP a DET speech NOUN condition NOUN ( PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON - PUNCT I PRON - PUNCT I PRON do AUX n't PART know VERB » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stammer mark 2 stammer stammer VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 speak mark 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 with with ADP _ 7 pauses case 7 pauses pause NOUN Number=Plur 5 speak obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 sounds cc 9 repeated repeat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 sounds amod 10 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 7 pauses conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 nervous punct 12 because because SCONJ _ 15 nervous mark 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 nervous nsubj 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 nervous cop 15 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 speak advcl 16 or or CCONJ _ 21 condition cc 17 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 21 condition case 18 of of ADP _ 17 because fixed 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 condition det 20 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 21 condition compound 21 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing 15 nervous conj 22 ( ( PUNCT _ 26 I punct 23 « « PUNCT _ 26 I punct 24 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 26 I nsubj 25 - - PUNCT _ 26 I punct 26 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 21 condition conj 27 - - PUNCT _ 31 know punct 28 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 31 know nsubj 29 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 know aux 30 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 31 know advmod 31 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 I parataxis 32 » » PUNCT _ 31 know punct 33 ) ) PUNCT _ 21 condition punct 34 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stammer speech: other to-infinitive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 speak speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive with pauses and repeated sounds vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with pause=Co-Agent 4 repeat participle vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 5 is present you nervous property tree rules 6 not know in a quote present · do-support I vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A stammer is a speech condition that makes a person repeat or stretch sounds or get stuck on words; in the USA it is often called a stutter.
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det compound nsubj acl:relcl det obj xcomp cc conj obj cc conj xcomp case obl punct case det obl nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl det xcomp punct root A DET stammer NOUN is AUX a DET speech NOUN condition NOUN that PRON makes VERB a DET person NOUN repeat VERB or CCONJ stretch VERB sounds NOUN or CCONJ get VERB stuck ADJ on ADP words NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP the DET USA PROPN it PRON is AUX often ADV called VERB a DET stutter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stammer det 2 stammer stammer NOUN Number=Sing 6 condition nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 condition cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 condition det 5 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 6 condition compound 6 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 makes nsubj 8 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 condition acl:relcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 person det 10 person person NOUN Number=Sing 8 makes obj 11 repeat repeat VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 makes xcomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 stretch cc 13 stretch stretch VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 repeat conj 14 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 13 stretch obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 get cc 16 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 stretch conj 17 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos 16 get xcomp 18 on on ADP _ 19 words case 19 words word NOUN Number=Plur 17 stuck obl 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 27 called punct 21 in in ADP _ 23 USA case 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 USA det 23 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 27 called obl 24 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 called nsubj:pass 25 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 called aux:pass 26 often often ADV _ 27 called advmod 27 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 condition acl 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 stutter det 29 stutter stutter NOUN Number=Sing 27 called xcomp 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 condition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stammer a speech condition tree rules 2 make present a speech condition a person tree rules 3 repeat infinitive a person not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 stretch infinitive a person not said here sounds vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sound=Patient 5 get infinitive a person not said here stuck property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 6 call present · passive a speech condition not said here stammer the USA often property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 «S-sorry,» he stammered.
punct compound punct punct punct nsubj ccomp punct root « PUNCT S X - PUNCT sorry ADJ , PUNCT » PUNCT he PRON stammered VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 sorry punct 2 S s X _ 4 sorry compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 S punct 4 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 sorry punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 sorry punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 stammered nsubj 8 stammered stammer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sorry ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sorry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stammer speech: other past he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 She stammered when the head teacher asked her a question.
nsubj mark det compound nsubj advcl iobj det obj punct root She PRON stammered VERB when SCONJ the DET head NOUN teacher NOUN asked VERB her PRON a DET question NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stammered nsubj 2 stammered stammer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when SCONJ _ 7 asked mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 teacher det 5 head head NOUN Number=Sing 6 teacher compound 6 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 asked nsubj 7 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 stammered advcl 8 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 asked iobj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 question det 10 question question NOUN Number=Sing 7 asked obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 stammered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stammer speech: other past She vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 ask speech: ask past the head teacher a question her = she tree rules
Example 3 My friend has a stammer, so I give him time to finish.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj punct advmod nsubj conj iobj obj mark acl punct root My PRON friend NOUN has VERB a DET stammer NOUN , PUNCT so ADV I PRON give VERB him PRON time NOUN to PART finish VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stammer det 5 stammer stammer NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 give punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 give advmod 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 give nsubj 9 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 has conj 10 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 give iobj 11 time time NOUN Number=Sing 9 give obj 12 to to PART _ 13 finish mark 13 finish finish VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 time acl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My friend a stammer vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stammer=Patient 2 give present I friend time vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme 3 finish to-infinitive I not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 4 Never laugh at someone who stammers.
advmod case obl nsubj acl:relcl punct root Never ADV laugh VERB at ADP someone PRON who PRON stammers VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 laugh advmod 2 laugh laugh VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 laugh obl 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 stammers nsubj 6 stammers stammer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 someone acl:relcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 laugh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not laugh imperative you not said here someone vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stammer speech: other present vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 He stammered out his answer.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON stammered VERB out ADP his PRON answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stammered nsubj 2 stammered stammer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 stammered compound:prt 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 answer nmod:poss 5 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 2 stammered obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 stammered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stammer out speech: other past He his answer vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic 2 answer his = he nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Some famous actors and leaders had a stammer.
det amod nsubj cc conj det obj punct root Some DET famous ADJ actors NOUN and CCONJ leaders NOUN had VERB a DET stammer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 3 actors det 2 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 actors amod 3 actors actor NOUN Number=Plur 6 had nsubj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 leaders cc 5 leaders leader NOUN Number=Plur 3 actors conj 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 stammer det 8 stammer stammer NOUN Number=Sing 6 had obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past some famous actors and leaders a stammer vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stammer=Patient
Example 7 Speech therapy can help people with a stammer.
compound nsubj aux obj case det obl punct root Speech NOUN therapy NOUN can AUX help VERB people NOUN with ADP a DET stammer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 2 therapy compound 2 therapy therapy NOUN Number=Sing 4 help nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 help aux 4 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 help obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 stammer case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 stammer det 8 stammer stammer NOUN Number=Sing 4 help obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help can Speech therapy people with a stammer vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary with stammer=Theme
Example 8 Nervous, Tom stammered his lines in the play.
punct nsubj ccomp nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Nervous ADJ , PUNCT Tom PROPN stammered VERB his PRON lines NOUN in ADP the DET play NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 stammered punct 3 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 4 stammered nsubj 4 stammered stammer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Nervous ccomp 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 lines nmod:poss 6 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 4 stammered obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 play case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 play det 9 play play NOUN Number=Sing 4 stammered obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Nervous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stammer speech: other past Tom Tom's lines the play vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Topic
Example 9 They weren’t here a minute ago,” he stammered.
nsubj cop advmod det obl:unmarked advmod punct punct nsubj acl:relcl punct root They PRON were AUX n’t PART here ADV a DET minute NOUN ago ADV , PUNCT ” PUNCT he PRON stammered VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 here nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 here cop 3 n’t not PART Polarity=Neg 4 here advmod 4 here here ADV PronType=Dem root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 minute det 6 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 4 here obl:unmarked 7 ago ago ADV _ 6 minute advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 ago punct 9 ” " PUNCT _ 6 minute punct 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 stammered nsubj 11 stammered stammer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 minute acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 here punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is past They minute here property tree rules 2 stammer speech: other in a quote past he a minute not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent minute=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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