stingless Who acts: Stingless, Stingless bees, warm countries, bees, Maya people, Male bees · What happens: mean, have, work, be, find, not sting · To what, where: sting, small bees, warm countries, small amount, honey, flowers · Speech: someone speaks here
«stingless» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stingless in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Stingless means having no sting or no working sting.
nsubj xcomp det obj cc det amod conj punct root Stingless ADJ means VERB having VERB no DET sting NOUN or CCONJ no DET working VERB sting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 sting det 5 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing 3 having obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 sting cc 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 sting det 8 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 sting amod 9 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing 5 sting conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Stingless vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have not said to happen gerund Stingless not said here no sting or no working sting vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sting=Patient 3 work gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Stingless bees are small bees found in warm countries such as Australia, Brazil and Mexico that cannot sting; they make a small amount of honey.
The tree, 26 words amod nsubj cop amod acl case amod obl case fixed nmod punct conj cc conj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct nsubj conj det amod obj case nmod punct root Stingless ADJ bees NOUN are AUX small ADJ bees NOUN found VERB in ADP warm ADJ countries NOUN such ADJ as ADP Australia PROPN , PUNCT Brazil PROPN and CCONJ Mexico PROPN that PRON can AUX not PART sting VERB ; PUNCT they PRON make VERB a DET small ADJ amount NOUN of ADP honey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bees amod 2 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 5 bees nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bees cop 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bees amod 5 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 bees acl 7 in in ADP _ 9 countries case 8 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 9 countries amod 9 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 6 found obl 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 12 Australia case 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 9 countries nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 Brazil punct 14 Brazil Brazil PROPN Number=Sing 12 Australia conj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 Mexico cc 16 Mexico Mexico PROPN Number=Sing 12 Australia conj 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 20 sting nsubj 18 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 sting aux 19 not not PART Polarity=Neg 20 sting advmod 20 sting sting VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 countries acl:relcl 21 ; ; PUNCT _ 23 make punct 22 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 make nsubj 23 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bees conj 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 amount det 25 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 26 amount amod 26 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 23 make obj 27 of of ADP _ 28 honey case 28 honey honey NOUN Number=Sing 26 amount nmod 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 bees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Stingless bees small bees tree rules 2 find participle small bees not said here warm countries such Australia and Brazil and Mexico vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 not sting can warm countries such Australia and Brazil and Mexico vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 make present bees = bee a small amount of honey vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset amount=Product 5 amount honey nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Stingless bees buzzed around the flowers in the school garden.
amod nsubj case det obl case det compound obl punct root Stingless ADJ bees NOUN buzzed VERB around ADP the DET flowers NOUN in ADP the DET school NOUN garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bees amod 2 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 3 buzzed nsubj 3 buzzed buzz VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 around around ADP _ 6 flowers case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 flowers det 6 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 3 buzzed obl 7 in in ADP _ 10 garden case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 garden det 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 10 garden compound 10 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 3 buzzed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 buzzed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buzz past Stingless bees the flowers in the school garden vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around flower=Location
Example 2 In Australia, stingless bees are called sugarbag bees.
case obl punct amod nsubj:pass aux:pass compound xcomp punct root In ADP Australia PROPN , PUNCT stingless ADJ bees NOUN are AUX called VERB sugarbag NOUN bees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Australia case 2 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 7 called obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Australia punct 4 stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bees amod 5 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 7 called nsubj:pass 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 sugarbag sugarbag NOUN Number=Sing 9 bees compound 9 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 7 called xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive stingless bees Australia vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 3 Stingless bees cannot hurt you with a sting, but they might bite a little.
The tree, 15 words amod nsubj aux advmod obj case det obl punct cc nsubj aux conj det obj punct root Stingless ADJ bees NOUN can AUX not PART hurt VERB you PRON with ADP a DET sting NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON might AUX bite VERB a DET little ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bees amod 2 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 5 hurt nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 hurt aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 hurt advmod 5 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 hurt obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 sting case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 sting det 9 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing 5 hurt obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 bite punct 11 but but CCONJ _ 14 bite cc 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 bite nsubj 13 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 bite aux 14 bite bite VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 hurt conj 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 little det 16 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 14 bite obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not hurt can Stingless bees you with a sting vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient 2 bite might bees = bee a little vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Patient
Example 4 The Maya people kept stingless bees for honey.
det compound nsubj amod obj case obl punct root The DET Maya PROPN people NOUN kept VERB stingless ADJ bees NOUN for ADP honey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 people det 2 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 3 people compound 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 kept nsubj 4 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bees amod 6 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 4 kept obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 honey case 8 honey honey NOUN Number=Sing 4 kept obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past the Maya people stingless bees for honey vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bee=Theme
Example 5 Male bees are stingless; only females can sting.
amod nsubj cop punct advmod nsubj aux conj punct root Male ADJ bees NOUN are AUX stingless ADJ ; PUNCT only ADV females NOUN can AUX sting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Male male ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bees amod 2 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 4 stingless nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 stingless cop 4 stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 sting punct 6 only only ADV _ 7 females advmod 7 females female NOUN Number=Plur 9 sting nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 sting aux 9 sting sting VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 stingless conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 stingless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Male bees stingless property tree rules 2 sting can females vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 Stingless bee honey is a bit sour and runny.
amod compound nsubj cop det obl:unmarked cc conj punct root Stingless ADJ bee NOUN honey NOUN is AUX a DET bit NOUN sour ADJ and CCONJ runny ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 3 honey amod 2 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 3 honey compound 3 honey honey NOUN Number=Sing 7 sour nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sour cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bit det 6 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 7 sour obl:unmarked 7 sour sour ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 runny cc 9 runny runny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sour conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 sour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Stingless bee honey a bit obl:unmarked ; sour property tree rules 2 be Stingless bee honey not said here tree rules
Example 7 The teacher showed us a stingless bee hive in a wooden box.
det nsubj iobj det amod compound obj case det amod nmod punct root The DET teacher NOUN showed VERB us PRON a DET stingless ADJ bee NOUN hive NOUN in ADP a DET wooden ADJ box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 showed iobj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hive det 6 stingless stingless ADJ Degree=Pos 8 hive amod 7 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 8 hive compound 8 hive hive NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 9 in in ADP _ 12 box case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 box det 11 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 12 box amod 12 box box NOUN Number=Sing 8 hive nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the teacher a stingless bee hive us a wooden box vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient hive=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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