sunspot Who acts: dark cooler patch, people, Sunspots, You, Astronomers, Sun · What happens: appear, go, look, be, not look, find · To what, where: surface, holiday, sunspots, image, paper, more northern lights
«sunspot» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sunspot in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A dark, cooler patch that appears for a while on the surface of the Sun.
The tree, 15 words det amod punct amod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl case det obl case det nmod root A DET dark ADJ , PUNCT cooler ADJ patch NOUN that PRON appears VERB for ADP a DET while NOUN on ADP the DET surface NOUN of ADP the DET Sun. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 patch det 2 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 5 patch amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 patch punct 4 cooler cool ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 patch amod 5 patch patch NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 appears nsubj 7 appears appear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 patch acl:relcl 8 for for ADP _ 10 while case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 while det 10 while while NOUN Number=Sing 7 appears obl 11 on on ADP _ 13 surface case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 surface det 13 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 7 appears obl 14 of of ADP _ 16 Sun. case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 Sun. det 16 Sun. Sunday PROPN Number=Sing 13 surface nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear present a dark cooler patch the surface of the Sun. while vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on surface=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
A sunny place where people go on holiday.
det amod advmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root A DET sunny ADJ place NOUN where ADV people NOUN go VERB on ADP holiday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 place det 2 sunny sunny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 place amod 3 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 where where ADV PronType=Rel 6 go advmod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 go nsubj 6 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 place acl:relcl 7 on on ADP _ 8 holiday case 8 holiday holiday NOUN Number=Sing 6 go obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present people holiday vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on holiday=Location
Example 1 Sunspots look dark only because they are cooler than the gas around them.
nsubj xcomp advmod mark nsubj cop advcl case det obl case nmod punct root Sunspots NOUN look VERB dark ADJ only ADV because SCONJ they PRON are AUX cooler ADJ than ADP the DET gas NOUN around ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sunspots sunspot NOUN Number=Plur 2 look nsubj 2 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 look xcomp 4 only only ADV _ 8 cooler advmod 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 cooler mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 cooler nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 cooler cop 8 cooler cool ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 look advcl 9 than than ADP _ 11 gas case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 gas det 11 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 8 cooler obl 12 around around ADP _ 13 them case 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 gas nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present Sunspots dark property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 is present Sunspots = sunspot than the gas around them; cool property tree rules
Example 2 You must never look straight at the Sun to find sunspots.
nsubj aux advmod advmod case det obl mark advcl obj punct root You PRON must AUX never ADV look VERB straight ADV at ADP the DET Sun PROPN to PART find VERB sunspots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 look nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 look aux 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 look advmod 4 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 straight straight ADV _ 4 look advmod 6 at at ADP _ 8 Sun case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Sun det 8 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 4 look obl 9 to to PART _ 10 find mark 10 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 look advcl 11 sunspots sunspot NOUN Number=Plur 10 find obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not look must You at the Sun; straight property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at sun=Theme 2 find to-infinitive You not said here sunspots vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunspot=Topic
Example 3 Astronomers project the Sun's image onto paper to see sunspots safely.
nsubj det nmod:poss case obj case obl mark advcl obj advmod punct root Astronomers NOUN project VERB the DET Sun PROPN 's PART image NOUN onto ADP paper NOUN to PART see VERB sunspots NOUN safely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Astronomers astronomer NOUN Number=Plur 2 project nsubj 2 project project VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Sun det 4 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 6 image nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 Sun case 6 image image NOUN Number=Sing 2 project obj 7 onto onto ADP _ 8 paper case 8 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 2 project obl 9 to to PART _ 10 see mark 10 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 project advcl 11 sunspots sunspot NOUN Number=Plur 10 see obj 12 safely safely ADV _ 10 see advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 project punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 project present Astronomers the Sun's image paper vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent image=Value 2 see to-infinitive Astronomers not said here sunspots safely property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sunspot=Stimulus 3 image the Sun nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The number of sunspots goes up and down about every eleven years.
det nsubj case nmod advmod cc conj advmod det nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET number NOUN of ADP sunspots NOUN goes VERB up ADV and CCONJ down ADV about ADV every DET eleven NUM years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 number det 2 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 goes nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 sunspots case 4 sunspots sunspot NOUN Number=Plur 2 number nmod 5 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 up up ADV _ 5 goes advmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 down cc 8 down down ADV _ 6 up conj 9 about about ADV _ 11 eleven advmod 10 every every DET PronType=Tot 11 eleven det 11 eleven eleven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 years nummod 12 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 goes obl:unmarked 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go up present the number of sunspots year vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 5 A big sunspot can be wider than the whole Earth.
det amod nsubj aux cop case det amod obl punct root A DET big ADJ sunspot NOUN can AUX be AUX wider ADJ than ADP the DET whole ADJ Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 sunspot det 2 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sunspot amod 3 sunspot sunspot NOUN Number=Sing 6 wider nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 wider aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 wider cop 6 wider wide ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 7 than than ADP _ 10 Earth case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Earth det 9 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 10 Earth amod 10 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 6 wider obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 wider punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can a big sunspot than the whole Earth; wide property tree rules
Example 6 Lots of sunspots can mean more northern lights.
nsubj case nmod aux amod amod obj punct root Lots NOUN of ADP sunspots NOUN can AUX mean VERB more ADJ northern ADJ lights NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 5 mean nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 sunspots case 3 sunspots sunspot NOUN Number=Plur 1 Lots nmod 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 lights amod 7 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lights amod 8 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 5 mean obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Lots of sunspots more northern lights vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Topic
Example 7 Spain is a favourite sunspot for families from Ireland in summer.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod case nmod case nmod punct root Spain PROPN is AUX a DET favourite ADJ sunspot NOUN for ADP families NOUN from ADP Ireland PROPN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spain Spain PROPN Number=Sing 5 sunspot nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sunspot cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sunspot det 4 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sunspot amod 5 sunspot sunspot NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 families case 7 families family NOUN Number=Plur 5 sunspot nmod 8 from from ADP _ 9 Ireland case 9 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 7 families nmod 10 in in ADP _ 11 summer case 11 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 5 sunspot nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sunspot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Spain a favourite sunspot summer for families from Ireland tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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