superfluous Who acts: Superfluous, person, you, your, extra decorations, problem · What happens: mean, need, not want, feel, not need, cut · To what, where: more, they, superfluous words, sentence, story, superfluous information · Speech: someone speaks here
«superfluous» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: superfluous in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Superfluous means more than is needed, extra and not necessary.
nsubj obj mark aux:pass advcl punct parataxis cc advmod conj punct root Superfluous ADJ means VERB more ADJ than SCONJ is AUX needed VERB , PUNCT extra ADJ and CCONJ not PART necessary ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means obj 4 than than SCONJ _ 6 needed mark 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 needed aux:pass 6 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 more advcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 extra punct 8 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 6 needed parataxis 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 necessary cc 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 necessary advmod 11 necessary necessary ADJ Degree=Pos 8 extra conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Superfluous more vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic 2 need present · passive Superfluous not said here vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Cut the superfluous words from your sentence."
punct det amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct punct root " PUNCT Cut VERB the DET superfluous ADJ words NOUN from ADP your PRON sentence NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 2 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 words det 4 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 words amod 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur 2 Cut obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 sentence case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 sentence nmod:poss 8 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 2 Cut obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut in a quote imperative you not said here the superfluous words your sentence vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset word=Product from sentence=Material 2 sentence in a quote your nom sentence «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Superfluous can mean not wanted or useful, so a person may feel superfluous when they are not needed.
The tree, 18 words nsubj aux advmod ccomp cc conj punct advmod det nsubj aux parataxis xcomp advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advcl punct root Superfluous PROPN can AUX mean VERB not PART wanted VERB or CCONJ useful ADJ , PUNCT so ADV a DET person NOUN may AUX feel VERB superfluous ADJ when ADV they PRON are AUX not PART needed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Superfluous Superfluous PROPN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 wanted advmod 5 wanted want VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 mean ccomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 useful cc 7 useful useful ADJ Degree=Pos 5 wanted conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 feel punct 9 so so ADV _ 13 feel advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 person det 11 person person NOUN Number=Sing 13 feel nsubj 12 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 feel aux 13 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 mean parataxis 14 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 13 feel xcomp 15 when when ADV PronType=Int 19 needed advmod 16 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 needed nsubj:pass 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 needed aux:pass 18 not not PART Polarity=Neg 19 needed advmod 19 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 feel advcl 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Superfluous vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not want participle vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 3 feel may a person superfluous property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 4 not need present · passive they vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
Example 1 Delete any superfluous words from your story.
det amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Delete VERB any DET superfluous ADJ words NOUN from ADP your PRON story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Delete delete VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 any any DET PronType=Ind 4 words det 3 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 words amod 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur 1 Delete obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 story case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 story nmod:poss 7 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 words nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Delete punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 delete imperative you not said here any superfluous words your story vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent word=Theme from story=Initial_Location
Example 2 The extra decorations were superfluous.
det amod nsubj cop punct root The DET extra ADJ decorations NOUN were AUX superfluous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 decorations det 2 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 3 decorations amod 3 decorations decoration NOUN Number=Plur 5 superfluous nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 superfluous cop 5 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 superfluous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the extra decorations superfluous property tree rules
Example 3 The problem had superfluous information about the colour of the bus.
det nsubj amod obj case det nmod case det nmod punct root The DET problem NOUN had VERB superfluous ADJ information NOUN about ADP the DET colour NOUN of ADP the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 problem det 2 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 information amod 5 information information NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 about about ADP _ 8 colour case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 colour det 8 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 5 information nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 bus case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 bus det 11 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 8 colour nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the problem superfluous information about the colour of the bus vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent information=Patient
Example 4 Packing three umbrellas seems superfluous.
csubj nummod obj xcomp punct root Packing VERB three NUM umbrellas NOUN seems VERB superfluous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Packing pack VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 seems csubj 2 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 umbrellas nummod 3 umbrellas umbrella NOUN Number=Plur 1 Packing obj 4 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 seems xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 seems punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack gerund three umbrellas vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme 2 seem present Packing superfluous property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
Example 5 With two helpers already, I felt superfluous.
case nummod obl advmod punct nsubj xcomp punct root With ADP two NUM helpers NOUN already ADV , PUNCT I PRON felt VERB superfluous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 3 helpers case 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 helpers nummod 3 helpers helper NOUN Number=Plur 7 felt obl 4 already already ADV _ 3 helpers advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 helpers punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 felt nsubj 7 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 7 felt xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past I with two helpers; superfluous property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 6 His long speech had a lot of superfluous detail.
nmod:poss amod nsubj det obj case amod nmod punct root His PRON long ADJ speech NOUN had VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP superfluous ADJ detail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 speech nmod:poss 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 3 speech amod 3 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lot det 6 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 detail case 8 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 9 detail amod 9 detail detail NOUN Number=Sing 6 lot nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past His long speech a lot of superfluous detail vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient 2 speak His = he nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Shoes inside a swimming pool are superfluous.
nsubj case det compound nmod cop punct root Shoes NOUN inside ADP a DET swimming NOUN pool NOUN are AUX superfluous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 7 superfluous nsubj 2 inside inside ADP _ 5 pool case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pool det 4 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 5 pool compound 5 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 1 Shoes nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 superfluous cop 7 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 superfluous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Shoes inside a swimming pool superfluous property tree rules
Example 8 [457] A few lines are here omitted as being superfluous.
punct obl punct det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod mark cop xcomp punct root [ PUNCT 457 NUM ] PUNCT A DET few ADJ lines NOUN are AUX here ADV omitted VERB as SCONJ being AUX superfluous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 [ [ PUNCT _ 2 457 punct 2 457 457 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 omitted obl 3 ] ] PUNCT _ 2 457 punct 4 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lines det 5 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 6 lines amod 6 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 9 omitted nsubj:pass 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 omitted aux:pass 8 here here ADV PronType=Dem 9 omitted advmod 9 omitted omit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 as as SCONJ _ 12 superfluous mark 11 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 superfluous cop 12 superfluous superfluous ADJ Degree=Pos 9 omitted xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 omitted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 omit present · passive a few lines here 457 obl vn exclude-107.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 is gerund superfluous property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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