sustenance Who acts: Sustenance food, Sustenance, travellers, letters, Her, explorers · What happens: be, keep, mean, support, strengthen, have · To what, where: Sustenance food, person, anything, someone, sustenance, him · Speech: someone speaks here
«sustenance» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sustenance in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Sustenance is food and drink that keeps a person, animal or plant alive and strong.
The tree, 15 words compound cop cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct conj cc conj xcomp cc conj punct root Sustenance NOUN is AUX food NOUN and CCONJ drink NOUN that PRON keeps VERB a DET person NOUN , PUNCT animal NOUN or CCONJ plant NOUN alive ADJ and CCONJ strong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 3 food compound 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 food cop 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 drink cc 5 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 3 food conj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 keeps nsubj 7 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 food acl:relcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 person det 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing 7 keeps obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 animal punct 11 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 9 person conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 plant cc 13 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 9 person conj 14 alive alive ADJ Degree=Pos 7 keeps xcomp 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 strong cc 16 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 14 alive conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sustenance food and drink tree rules 2 keep present Sustenance food and drink a person and animal or plant alive property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"The travellers had no sustenance for days."
punct det nsubj det obj case obl punct punct root " PUNCT The DET travellers NOUN had VERB no DET sustenance NOUN for ADP days NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 had punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 travellers det 3 travellers traveller NOUN Number=Plur 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 no no DET PronType=Neg 6 sustenance det 6 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 days case 8 days day NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote past the travellers no sustenance day vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sustenance=Patient
Meaning 2 Sustenance also means anything that supports or strengthens someone, like comfort, hope or faith.
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod obj nsubj acl:relcl cc conj obj punct case obl punct conj cc conj punct root Sustenance NOUN also ADV means VERB anything PRON that PRON supports VERB or CCONJ strengthens VERB someone PRON , PUNCT like ADP comfort NOUN , PUNCT hope NOUN or CCONJ faith NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 means obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 supports nsubj 6 supports support VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 anything acl:relcl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 strengthens cc 8 strengthens strengthen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 supports conj 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 strengthens obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 comfort punct 11 like like ADP _ 12 comfort case 12 comfort comfort NOUN Number=Sing 8 strengthens obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 hope punct 14 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing 12 comfort conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 faith cc 16 faith faith NOUN Number=Sing 14 hope conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Sustenance anything vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic 2 support present vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 3 strengthen present someone like comfort and hope or faith vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent someone=Patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Her letters gave him sustenance."
punct nmod:poss nsubj iobj obj punct punct root " PUNCT Her PRON letters NOUN gave VERB him PRON sustenance NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 gave punct 2 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 letters nmod:poss 3 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 4 gave nsubj 4 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 gave iobj 6 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 gave punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote past Her letters sustenance him = he vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient sustenance=Theme 2 letter in a quote Her = she nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 The explorers needed sustenance after the long walk.
det nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root The DET explorers NOUN needed VERB sustenance NOUN after ADP the DET long ADJ walk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 explorers det 2 explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 3 needed nsubj 3 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 3 needed obj 5 after after ADP _ 8 walk case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 walk det 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 walk amod 8 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 3 needed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 needed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need past the explorers sustenance after the long walk vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot sustenance=Theme
Example 2 Bread was the main sustenance of poor families in the past.
nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod case det nmod punct root Bread NOUN was AUX the DET main ADJ sustenance NOUN of ADP poor ADJ families NOUN in ADP the DET past NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 5 sustenance nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sustenance cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sustenance det 4 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sustenance amod 5 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 families case 7 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 8 families amod 8 families family NOUN Number=Plur 5 sustenance nmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 past case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 past det 11 past past NOUN Number=Sing 8 families nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sustenance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Bread the main sustenance of poor families in the past tree rules
Example 3 Plants get sustenance from sunlight, water and soil.
nsubj obj case obl punct conj cc conj punct root Plants NOUN get VERB sustenance NOUN from ADP sunlight NOUN , PUNCT water NOUN and CCONJ soil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 get nsubj 2 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 2 get obj 4 from from ADP _ 5 sunlight case 5 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 2 get obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 water punct 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 sunlight conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 soil cc 9 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 5 sunlight conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Plants sustenance sunlight and water and soil vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sustenance=Theme from sunlight=Source
Example 4 Many Christians say prayer gives them spiritual sustenance.
amod nsubj nsubj ccomp iobj amod obj punct root Many ADJ Christians PROPN say VERB prayer NOUN gives VERB them PRON spiritual ADJ sustenance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Christians amod 2 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 3 say nsubj 3 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 prayer prayer NOUN Number=Sing 5 gives nsubj 5 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 say ccomp 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 gives iobj 7 spiritual spiritual ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sustenance amod 8 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 5 gives obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Many Christians vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 give present prayer spiritual sustenance Christians = christian vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient sustenance=Theme
Example 5 The squirrels stored nuts for sustenance in winter.
det nsubj obj case obl case obl punct root The DET squirrels NOUN stored VERB nuts NOUN for ADP sustenance NOUN in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 squirrels det 2 squirrels squirrel NOUN Number=Plur 3 stored nsubj 3 stored store VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nuts nut NOUN Number=Plur 3 stored obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 sustenance case 6 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 3 stored obl 7 in in ADP _ 8 winter case 8 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 3 stored obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 stored punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 store past the squirrels nuts winter for sustenance vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme
Example 6 A cup of tea and a biscuit gave Grandma some sustenance.
det nsubj case nmod cc det conj iobj det obj punct root A DET cup NOUN of ADP tea NOUN and CCONJ a DET biscuit NOUN gave VERB Grandma PROPN some DET sustenance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cup det 2 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 8 gave nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 tea case 4 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 2 cup nmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 biscuit cc 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 biscuit det 7 biscuit biscuit NOUN Number=Sing 2 cup conj 8 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 8 gave iobj 10 some some DET PronType=Ind 11 sustenance det 11 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 8 gave obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past a cup of tea and a biscuit some sustenance Grandma vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent grandma=Recipient sustenance=Theme
Example 7 Hope was their only sustenance during the war.
nsubj cop nmod:poss amod case det nmod punct root Hope PROPN was AUX their PRON only ADJ sustenance NOUN during ADP the DET war NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hope Hope PROPN Number=Sing 5 sustenance nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sustenance cop 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 sustenance nmod:poss 4 only only ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sustenance amod 5 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 during during ADP _ 8 war case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 war det 8 war war NOUN Number=Sing 5 sustenance nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 sustenance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Hope their only sustenance during the war tree rules
Example 8 Inconsolable at his loss, she threw herself upon the ground, and refused all sustenance.
The tree, 14 words advmod case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj obj case det obl punct cc conj det obj punct root Inconsolable ADJ at ADP his PRON loss NOUN , PUNCT she PRON threw VERB herself PRON upon ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ refused VERB all DET sustenance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Inconsolable inconsolable ADJ Degree=Pos 7 threw advmod 2 at at ADP _ 4 loss case 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 loss nmod:poss 4 loss loss NOUN Number=Sing 1 Inconsolable obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 threw punct 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 threw nsubj 7 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 threw obj 9 upon upon ADP _ 11 ground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ground det 11 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 7 threw obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 refused punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 refused cc 14 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 threw conj 15 all all DET PronType=Tot 16 sustenance det 16 sustenance sustenance NOUN Number=Sing 14 refused obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 threw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw past she herself = she the ground vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent herself=Theme upon ground=Destination 2 refuse past she not said here all sustenance vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sustenance=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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