tense

Who acts: I, people, verb, you, tense shoulders, Ran · What happens: relax, feel, stretch, make, tense, show · To what, where: tense, test, people, muscles, arms, present

«tense» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: tense in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Nervous, worried and unable to relax (I felt tense before the test).

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nervous	nervous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 worried	punct
3	worried	worried	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nervous	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 unable	cc
5	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nervous	conj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 relax	mark
7	relax	relax	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 unable	xcomp
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	10 felt	punct
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 felt	nsubj
10	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Nervous	parataxis
11	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 felt	obj
12	before	before	ADP	_	14 test	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 test	det
14	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 felt	obl
15	)	)	PUNCT	_	10 felt	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Nervous	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	relax	to-infinitive							vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	feel	past	I	tense		the test			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tense=Theme before test=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Stretched tight; not relaxed (tense muscles).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	tight	tight	ADV	_	1 Stretched	advmod
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 relaxed	punct
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 relaxed	advmod
5	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Stretched	conj
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	8 muscles	punct
7	tense	tense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 muscles	amod
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 relaxed	appos
9	)	)	PUNCT	_	8 muscles	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Stretched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	participle						tight property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Meaning 3

Making people feel nervous or full of suspense (a tense moment in the film).

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Making	obj
3	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Making	xcomp
4	nervous	nervous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 feel	xcomp
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 full	cc
6	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 nervous	conj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 suspense	case
8	suspense	suspense	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 full	obl
9	(	(	PUNCT	_	12 moment	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 moment	det
11	tense	tense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 moment	amod
12	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 suspense	appos
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 film	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 film	det
15	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 moment	nmod
16	)	)	PUNCT	_	12 moment	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Making	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		people					tree rules
2	feel	infinitive	people not said here					nervous property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Meaning 4

To make your muscles tight (tense your arms).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 muscles	nmod:poss
4	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
5	tight	tight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 make	xcomp
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 tense	punct
7	tense	tense	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 make	conj
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 arms	nmod:poss
9	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 tense	obj
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 tense	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		your muscles				tight property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset muscle=Product
2	tense	infinitive		your arms					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient

Meaning 5

Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

Tense: the form of a verb that shows time — past, present or future (I walked, I walk, I will walk).

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 form	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 form	det
4	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Tense	appos
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 verb	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 verb	det
7	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 form	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 shows	nsubj
9	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 verb	acl:relcl
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shows	obj
11	—	-	PUNCT	_	12 past	punct
12	past	past	ADV	_	10 time	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 present	punct
14	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 form	conj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 future	cc
16	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 present	conj
17	(	(	PUNCT	_	19 walked	punct
18	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 walked	nsubj
19	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 present	acl:relcl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 walk	punct
21	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 walk	nsubj
22	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 walked	advcl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 walk	punct
24	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 walk	nsubj
25	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	26 walk	aux
26	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 walk	conj
27	)	)	PUNCT	_	26 walk	punct
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Tense	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	show	present	a verb		time	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	walk	past	I	present or future not said here		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme present=Trajectory
3	walk	present	I			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	walk	future	I			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	form			a verb		nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

I always feel tense before a spelling test.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 feel	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 feel	advmod
3	feel	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feel	obj
5	before	before	ADP	_	8 test	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 test	det
7	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 test	compound
8	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feel	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 feel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feel	present	I	tense		a spelling test		always property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tense=Theme before test=Location

Example 2

Breathe slowly and let your tense shoulders relax.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	1 Breathe	advmod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 let	cc
4	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Breathe	conj
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 shoulders	nmod:poss
6	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shoulders	compound
7	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 let	obj
8	relax	relax	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 let	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Breathe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	breathe	imperative	you not said here		slowly property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	let	infinitive	you not said here	your tense shoulders		tree rules
3	relax	infinitive	your tense shoulders not said here			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Example 3

«Ran» is the past tense of «run».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Ran	punct
2	Ran	Ran	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 tense	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Ran	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 tense	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tense	det
6	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tense	amod
7	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	SCONJ	_	10 run	mark
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 run	punct
10	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 tense	acl
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 run	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 tense	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Ran	the past tense					tree rules
2	run in a quote	infinitive	the past tense not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 4

Write your story in the past tense.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Write	write	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 story	nmod:poss
3	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Write	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 tense	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tense	det
6	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tense	amod
7	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Write	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	imperative	you not said here	your story		the past tense			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent story=Theme in tense=Destination

Example 5

The last minute of the match was very tense.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 minute	det
2	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 minute	amod
3	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 tense	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 match	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 match	det
6	match	match	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 minute	nmod
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 tense	cop
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 tense	advmod
9	tense	tense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 tense	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the last minute of the match					tense property	tree rules

Example 6

Tense your muscles, then let them go floppy.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tense	tense	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 muscles	nmod:poss
3	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Tense	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 let	punct
5	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 let	advmod
6	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Tense	conj
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 let	obj
8	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 let	xcomp
9	floppy	floppy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 go	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Tense	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	tense	imperative	you not said here	your muscles			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient
2	let	infinitive	you not said here	muscles = muscle	then		tree rules
3	go	infinitive	muscles = muscle not said here			floppy property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 7

The cat tensed, ready to jump.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cat	det
2	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ready	nsubj
3	tensed	tense	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 cat	acl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 ready	punct
5	ready	ready	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 jump	mark
7	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 ready	xcomp
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 ready	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tense	participle		the cat not said here					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	jump	to-infinitive							vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 8

The watcher stood beside, staring with his tense face and unwinking, lidless eye.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 watcher	det
2	watcher	watcher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stood	nsubj
3	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	beside	beside	ADP	_	3 stood	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 staring	punct
6	staring	stare	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 stood	advcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 face	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 face	nmod:poss
9	tense	tense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 face	amod
10	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 staring	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 unwinking	cc
12	unwinking	unwinking	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 face	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 eye	punct
14	lidless	lidless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 eye	amod
15	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 face	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past	the watcher						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	stare	gerund	the watcher not said here					with watcher's tense face and unwinking and lidless eye	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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