testosterone
Who acts: Testosterone, Men, women, more, body, Girls · What happens: be, have, help, grow, cause, make · To what, where: hormone, more, some, body, muscles, many changes
«testosterone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: testosterone in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Testosterone is a hormone, a chemical messenger in the body. Men and boys have much more of it, but women and girls have some too. It helps the body grow muscles and bones and causes many changes in boys during puberty, like a deeper voice and facial hair.
Sentence 1: Testosterone is a hormone, a chemical messenger in the body.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Testosterone | testosterone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hormone | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hormone | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 hormone | det |
| 4 | hormone | hormone | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 messenger | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 messenger | det |
| 7 | chemical | chemical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 messenger | amod |
| 8 | messenger | messenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hormone | appos |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 body | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 body | det |
| 11 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 messenger | nmod |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hormone | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Testosterone | a hormone | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Men and boys have much more of it, but women and girls have some too.
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 boys | cc |
| 3 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Men | conj |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 more | advmod |
| 6 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 have | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 it | case |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 more | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 have | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 have | cc |
| 11 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | nsubj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 girls | cc |
| 13 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 women | conj |
| 14 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | conj |
| 15 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 have | obj |
| 16 | too | too | ADV | _ | 14 have | advmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Men and boys | more of hormone | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient | ||||
| 2 | have | present | women and girls | some | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient |
Sentence 3: It helps the body grow muscles and bones and causes many changes in boys during puberty, like a deeper voice and facial hair.
The tree, 23 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 helps | nsubj |
| 2 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 body | det |
| 4 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 helps | obj |
| 5 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 helps | xcomp |
| 6 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 grow | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 bones | cc |
| 8 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 muscles | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 causes | cc |
| 10 | causes | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 helps | conj |
| 11 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 changes | amod |
| 12 | changes | change | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 causes | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 boys | case |
| 14 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 causes | obl |
| 15 | during | during | ADP | _ | 16 puberty | case |
| 16 | puberty | puberty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 causes | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 voice | punct |
| 18 | like | like | ADP | _ | 21 voice | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 voice | det |
| 20 | deeper | deep | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 voice | amod |
| 21 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 causes | parataxis |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 hair | cc |
| 23 | facial | facial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 hair | amod |
| 24 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 voice | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 helps | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present | more | the body | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | grow | infinitive | the body not said here | muscles and bones | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location muscle=Theme | ||||
| 3 | cause | present | more not said here | many changes | during puberty | in boys | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition change=Patient |
Example 1
Testosterone is a hormone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Testosterone | testosterone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hormone | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hormone | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 hormone | det |
| 4 | hormone | hormone | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hormone | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Testosterone | a hormone | tree rules |
Example 2
During puberty, testosterone makes boys' voices deeper.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 2 puberty | case |
| 2 | puberty | puberty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 makes | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 puberty | punct |
| 4 | testosterone | testosterone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 makes | nsubj |
| 5 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 voices | nmod:poss |
| 7 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 6 boys | case |
| 8 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 makes | obj |
| 9 | deeper | deep | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 makes | xcomp |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 makes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | testosterone | boys's voices | during puberty | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset voice=Product |
Example 3
Girls have some testosterone too, just less.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 testosterone | det |
| 4 | testosterone | testosterone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | too | too | ADV | _ | 2 have | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 less | punct |
| 7 | just | just | ADV | _ | 8 less | advmod |
| 8 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 have | conj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Girls | some testosterone | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent testosterone=Patient |
Example 4
Athletes are not allowed to take extra testosterone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Athletes | athlete | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 allowed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 allowed | aux:pass |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 allowed | advmod |
| 4 | allowed | allow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 take | mark |
| 6 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 allowed | xcomp |
| 7 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 testosterone | amod |
| 8 | testosterone | testosterone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 take | obj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 allowed | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not allow | present · passive | Athletes | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | take not said to happen | to-infinitive | Athletes not said here | extra testosterone | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent testosterone=Theme |
Example 5
Hormones like testosterone travel in the blood.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hormones | hormone | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | like | like | ADP | _ | 4 travel | case |
| 3 | testosterone | testosterone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travel | compound |
| 4 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Hormones | nmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 blood | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 blood | det |
| 7 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travel | nmod |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Hormones | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 6
Testosterone helps build muscle and bone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Testosterone | testosterone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 helps | nsubj |
| 2 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | build | build | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 helps | xcomp |
| 4 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 build | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 bone | cc |
| 6 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 muscle | conj |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 helps | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present | Testosterone | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | build | infinitive | Testosterone not said here | muscle and bone | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset muscle=Product |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/T/testosterone/