throat Who acts: throat, food, I, He, you, doctor · What happens: be, go down, mean, have, clear, start · To what, where: inside, front, sore throat, throat, grapes, half · Speech: someone speaks here
«throat» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: throat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Your throat is the inside of your neck, the tube that food, drink and air go down.
The tree, 17 words nmod:poss nsubj cop det case nmod:poss nmod punct det appos det nsubj punct conj cc conj acl:relcl advmod punct root Your PRON throat NOUN is AUX the DET inside NOUN of ADP your PRON neck NOUN , PUNCT the DET tube NOUN that PRON food NOUN , PUNCT drink NOUN and CCONJ air NOUN go VERB down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 throat nmod:poss 2 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 5 inside nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 inside cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 inside det 5 inside inside NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 neck case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 neck nmod:poss 8 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 5 inside nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 tube punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 tube det 11 tube tube NOUN Number=Sing 5 inside appos 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 food det 13 food food NOUN Number=Sing 18 go nsubj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 drink punct 15 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 13 food conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 air cc 17 air air NOUN Number=Sing 13 food conj 18 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 tube acl:relcl 19 down down ADV _ 18 go advmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 inside punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your throat the inside of your neck tree rules 2 go down present that food and drink and air down property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The throat can also mean the front of the neck.
det nsubj aux advmod det obj case det nmod punct root The DET throat NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB the DET front NOUN of ADP the DET neck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 throat det 2 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 front det 7 front front NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 neck case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 neck det 10 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 7 front nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can the throat the front of the neck vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent front=Topic
Example 1 I have a sore throat and a cough.
nsubj det amod obj cc det conj punct root I PRON have VERB a DET sore ADJ throat NOUN and CCONJ a DET cough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 throat det 4 sore sore ADJ Degree=Pos 5 throat amod 5 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 cough cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cough det 8 cough cough NOUN Number=Sing 5 throat conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a sore throat and a cough vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throat=Patient
Example 2 Food goes down your throat to your stomach.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss obl case nmod:poss obl punct root Food NOUN goes VERB down ADP your PRON throat NOUN to ADP your PRON stomach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 goes nsubj 2 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 goes compound:prt 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 throat nmod:poss 5 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 2 goes obl 6 to to ADP _ 8 stomach case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 stomach nmod:poss 8 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 2 goes obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go down present Food your throat to your stomach vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 3 He cleared his throat before he started to speak.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl mark xcomp punct root He PRON cleared VERB his PRON throat NOUN before SCONJ he PRON started VERB to PART speak VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 cleared nsubj 2 cleared clear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 throat nmod:poss 4 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 2 cleared obj 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 started mark 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 started nsubj 7 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 cleared advcl 8 to to PART _ 9 speak mark 9 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 started xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 cleared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clear past He his throat vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent throat=Source 2 start past he vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 speak speech: other to-infinitive he not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Cut grapes in half for babies so they don't get stuck in the throat.
The tree, 15 words obj case obl case obl advmod nsubj aux advmod aux:pass parataxis case det obl punct root Cut VERB grapes NOUN in ADP half NOUN for ADP babies NOUN so ADV they PRON do AUX n't PART get AUX stuck ADJ in ADP the DET throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 grapes grape NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cut obj 3 in in ADP _ 4 half case 4 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 1 Cut obl 5 for for ADP _ 6 babies case 6 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cut obl 7 so so ADV _ 12 stuck advmod 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 stuck nsubj 9 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 stuck aux 10 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 12 stuck advmod 11 get get AUX VerbForm=Inf 12 stuck aux:pass 12 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Cut parataxis 13 in in ADP _ 15 throat case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 throat det 15 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 12 stuck obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut imperative you not said here grapes half for babies vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent grape=Material for baby=Beneficiary
Example 5 The doctor looked at my throat with a little light.
det nsubj case nmod:poss obl case det amod obl punct root The DET doctor NOUN looked VERB at ADP my PRON throat NOUN with ADP a DET little ADJ light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 throat case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 throat nmod:poss 6 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 7 with with ADP _ 10 light case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 light det 9 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 10 light amod 10 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the doctor with a little light; at my throat vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at throat=Theme
Example 6 I had a lump in my throat when we said goodbye.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root I PRON had VERB a DET lump NOUN in ADP my PRON throat NOUN when ADV we PRON said VERB goodbye NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lump det 4 lump lump NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 throat case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 throat nmod:poss 7 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 said advmod 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 said nsubj 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had advcl 11 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 10 said obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I a lump my throat vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lump=Patient 2 say speech: assert past we goodbye vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic
Example 7 Drinking warm water can soothe a sore throat.
csubj amod obj aux det amod obj punct root Drinking VERB warm ADJ water NOUN can AUX soothe VERB a DET sore ADJ throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drinking drink VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 soothe csubj 2 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 3 water amod 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Drinking obj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 soothe aux 5 soothe soothe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 throat det 7 sore sore ADJ Degree=Pos 8 throat amod 8 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 5 soothe obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 soothe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink gerund warm water vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient 2 soothe can Drinking a sore throat vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus throat=Experiencer
Example 8 Your voice box is in your throat.
nmod:poss compound nsubj cop case nmod:poss punct root Your PRON voice NOUN box NOUN is AUX in ADP your PRON throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 box nmod:poss 2 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 3 box compound 3 box box NOUN Number=Sing 7 throat nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 throat cop 5 in in ADP _ 7 throat case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 throat nmod:poss 7 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 throat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Your voice box your throat tree rules
Example 9 My throat is dry and burning.
nmod:poss nsubj cop cc conj punct root My PRON throat NOUN is AUX dry ADJ and CCONJ burning VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 throat nmod:poss 2 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 4 dry nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 dry cop 4 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 burning cc 6 burning burn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 dry conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 dry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My throat dry property tree rules 2 burn gerund My throat not said here vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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