tobogganing Who acts: Tobogganing, activity, We, it, park, Luge · What happens: be, slide down, bobsleigh, go, toboggan, snow · To what, where: activity, snowy hills, toboggan, winter sport, favourite winter activity, steep hill
«tobogganing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: tobogganing in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Tobogganing is the activity of sliding down snowy hills on a toboggan or sledge.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det mark acl advmod amod obj case det obl cc conj punct root Tobogganing NOUN is AUX the DET activity NOUN of SCONJ sliding VERB down ADV snowy ADJ hills NOUN on ADP a DET toboggan NOUN or CCONJ sledge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tobogganing tobogganing NOUN Number=Sing 4 activity nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 activity cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 activity det 4 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 sliding mark 6 sliding slide VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 activity acl 7 down down ADV _ 6 sliding advmod 8 snowy snowy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 hills amod 9 hills hill NOUN Number=Plur 6 sliding obj 10 on on ADP _ 12 toboggan case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 toboggan det 12 toboggan toboggan NOUN Number=Sing 6 sliding obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 sledge cc 14 sledge sledge NOUN Number=Sing 12 toboggan conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 activity punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Tobogganing the activity tree rules 2 slide down gerund the activity not said here snowy hills a toboggan or sledge down property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent hill=Theme on toboggan=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.
Tobogganing is also a winter sport of racing down icy tracks, related to luge and bobsleigh.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop advmod det compound case nmod advmod amod conj punct amod case obl cc conj punct root Tobogganing NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET winter NOUN sport NOUN of ADP racing NOUN down ADV icy ADJ tracks NOUN , PUNCT related ADJ to ADP luge NOUN and CCONJ bobsleigh VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tobogganing tobogganing NOUN Number=Sing 6 sport nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sport cop 3 also also ADV _ 6 sport advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sport det 5 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 6 sport compound 6 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 racing case 8 racing racing NOUN Number=Sing 6 sport nmod 9 down down ADV _ 11 tracks advmod 10 icy icy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 tracks amod 11 tracks track NOUN Number=Plur 8 racing conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 related punct 13 related related ADJ Degree=Pos 11 tracks amod 14 to to ADP _ 15 luge case 15 luge luge NOUN Number=Sing 13 related obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 bobsleigh cc 17 bobsleigh bobsleigh VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 related conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 sport punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Tobogganing a winter sport of racing and icy tracks tree rules 2 bobsleigh infinitive Tobogganing not said here tree rules
Example 1 We went tobogganing after school when it snowed.
nsubj xcomp case obl advmod nsubj advcl punct root We PRON went VERB tobogganing VERB after ADP school NOUN when ADV it PRON snowed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tobogganing toboggan VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 went xcomp 4 after after ADP _ 5 school case 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 tobogganing obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 snowed advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 snowed nsubj 8 snowed snow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 tobogganing advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 toboggan gerund We not said here after school vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 snow past it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 2 Tobogganing is my favourite winter activity.
nsubj cop nmod:poss amod compound punct root Tobogganing NOUN is AUX my PRON favourite ADJ winter NOUN activity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tobogganing tobogganing NOUN Number=Sing 6 activity nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 activity cop 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 activity nmod:poss 4 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 6 activity amod 5 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 6 activity compound 6 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 activity punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Tobogganing my favourite winter activity tree rules
Example 3 The park banned tobogganing on the steep hill near the road.
det nsubj advcl case det amod obl case det obl punct root The DET park NOUN banned VERB tobogganing VERB on ADP the DET steep ADJ hill NOUN near ADP the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 park det 2 park park NOUN Number=Sing 3 banned nsubj 3 banned ban VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 tobogganing toboggan VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 banned advcl 5 on on ADP _ 8 hill case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hill det 7 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos 8 hill amod 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 4 tobogganing obl 9 near near ADP _ 11 road case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 road det 11 road road NOUN Number=Sing 4 tobogganing obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 banned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ban past the park vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer 2 toboggan gerund the park not said here the steep hill near the road vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 After tobogganing, we drank hot chocolate.
mark advcl punct nsubj amod obj punct root After SCONJ tobogganing VERB , PUNCT we PRON drank VERB hot ADJ chocolate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after SCONJ _ 2 tobogganing mark 2 tobogganing toboggan VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 drank advcl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 tobogganing punct 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 drank nsubj 5 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 7 chocolate amod 7 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 5 drank obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toboggan gerund we not said here vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 drink past we hot chocolate vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient
Example 5 Luge is a fast kind of tobogganing.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Luge NOUN is AUX a DET fast ADJ kind NOUN of ADP tobogganing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Luge luge NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 4 fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 5 kind amod 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 tobogganing case 7 tobogganing tobogganing NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Luge a fast kind of tobogganing tree rules
Example 6 Wear a helmet when you go tobogganing.
det obj advmod nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Wear VERB a DET helmet NOUN when ADV you PRON go VERB tobogganing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 helmet det 3 helmet helmet NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wear obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 go advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 go nsubj 6 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Wear advcl 7 tobogganing toboggan VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 go xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here a helmet vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme 2 go present you vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 toboggan gerund you not said here vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 We were tobogganing until it got dark.
nsubj aux mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct root We PRON were AUX tobogganing VERB until SCONJ it PRON got VERB dark ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 tobogganing nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 tobogganing aux 3 tobogganing toboggan VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 until until SCONJ _ 6 got mark 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 got nsubj 6 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 tobogganing advcl 7 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 6 got xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 tobogganing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toboggan past · progressive We vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 get past it dark property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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