topic Who acts: topic, that, you, your, first sentence, Dinosaurs · What happens: be, talk, write, learn, choose, speak · To what, where: subject, theme, school, rainforest, topic, topic sentence · Speech: someone speaks here
«topic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: topic in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A topic is the subject that people talk, write or learn about.
det nsubj cop det nsubj nsubj parataxis punct conj cc conj advmod punct root A DET topic NOUN is AUX the DET subject NOUN that PRON people NOUN talk VERB , PUNCT write VERB or CCONJ learn VERB about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 topic det 2 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 5 subject nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 subject cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 subject det 5 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 talk nsubj 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 talk nsubj 8 talk talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 subject parataxis 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 write punct 10 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 talk conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 learn cc 12 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 write conj 13 about about ADV _ 12 learn advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 subject punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a topic the subject tree rules 2 talk present that vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 write infinitive that not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 learn infinitive that not said here about property vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In school, a topic is a theme the class studies for some weeks, such as «Space» or «The Romans».
The tree, 19 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det det compound nmod case det nmod punct case fixed punct parataxis punct cc punct det conj punct punct root In ADP school NOUN , PUNCT a DET topic NOUN is AUX a DET theme NOUN the DET class NOUN studies NOUN for ADP some DET weeks NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP « PUNCT Space NOUN » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT The DET Romans PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 school case 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 theme obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 school punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 topic det 5 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 8 theme nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 theme cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 theme det 8 theme theme NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 studies det 10 class class NOUN Number=Sing 11 studies compound 11 studies study NOUN Number=Plur 8 theme nmod 12 for for ADP _ 14 weeks case 13 some some DET PronType=Ind 14 weeks det 14 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 11 studies nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 Space punct 16 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 19 Space case 17 as as ADP _ 16 such fixed 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 Space punct 19 Space space NOUN Number=Sing 8 theme parataxis 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 Space punct 21 or or CCONJ _ 24 Romans cc 22 « « PUNCT _ 24 Romans punct 23 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 Romans det 24 Romans Roman PROPN Number=Plur 19 Space conj 25 » » PUNCT _ 19 Space punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 8 theme punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a topic a theme school the class studies for some weeks nmod tree rules
Example 1 Our topic this term is the rainforest.
nmod:poss nsubj det nmod:unmarked cop det punct root Our PRON topic NOUN this DET term NOUN is AUX the DET rainforest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 topic nmod:poss 2 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 7 rainforest nsubj 3 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 term det 4 term term NOUN Number=Sing 2 topic nmod:unmarked 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 rainforest cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rainforest det 7 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 rainforest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Our topic this term the rainforest tree rules
Example 2 Choose a topic for your speech.
det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Choose VERB a DET topic NOUN for ADP your PRON speech NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Choose choose VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 topic det 3 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 1 Choose obj 4 for for ADP _ 6 speech case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 speech nmod:poss 6 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 3 topic nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Choose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choose imperative you not said here a topic for your speech vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent topic=Theme for speech=Beneficiary 2 speak your nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The first sentence of a paragraph is often the topic sentence.
det amod nsubj case det nmod cop advmod det compound punct root The DET first ADJ sentence NOUN of ADP a DET paragraph NOUN is AUX often ADV the DET topic NOUN sentence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sentence det 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 sentence amod 3 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 11 sentence nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 paragraph case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 paragraph det 6 paragraph paragraph NOUN Number=Sing 3 sentence nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 sentence cop 8 often often ADV _ 11 sentence advmod 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sentence det 10 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 11 sentence compound 11 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 sentence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the first sentence of a paragraph the topic sentence often property tree rules 2 sentence a paragraph nom sentence «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 4 Dinosaurs are my favourite topic.
nsubj cop nmod:poss amod punct root Dinosaurs NOUN are AUX my PRON favourite ADJ topic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 5 topic nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 topic cop 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 topic nmod:poss 4 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 5 topic amod 5 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 topic punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dinosaurs my favourite topic tree rules
Example 5 When I asked about my report card, Dad changed the topic.
advmod nsubj advcl case nmod:poss compound obl punct nsubj det obj punct root When ADV I PRON asked VERB about ADP my PRON report NOUN card NOUN , PUNCT Dad PROPN changed VERB the DET topic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 3 asked advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 changed advcl 4 about about ADP _ 7 card case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 card nmod:poss 6 report report NOUN Number=Sing 7 card compound 7 card card NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 3 asked punct 9 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 10 changed nsubj 10 changed change VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 topic det 12 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 10 changed obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 changed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past I about my report card vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.topic whether S»: agent=Agent about card=Topic 2 change past Dad the topic vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent topic=Patient
Example 6 Please stay on topic during the discussion.
discourse case obl case det obl punct root Please INTJ stay VERB on ADP topic NOUN during ADP the DET discussion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 stay discourse 2 stay stay VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 topic case 4 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 2 stay obl 5 during during ADP _ 7 discussion case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 discussion det 7 discussion discussion NOUN Number=Sing 2 stay obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay imperative you not said here topic during the discussion vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on topic=Location
Example 7 Climate is a hot topic on the news.
nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root Climate NOUN is AUX a DET hot ADJ topic NOUN on ADP the DET news NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Climate climate NOUN Number=Sing 5 topic nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 topic cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 topic det 4 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 5 topic amod 5 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 news case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 news det 8 news news NOUN Number=Sing 5 topic nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 topic punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Climate a hot topic the news tree rules
Example 8 "Oh no," replied the counsellor; "I can only discourse on topics which every one should understand."
The tree, 16 words punct discourse discourse punct punct det obj punct punct nsubj aux advmod obl case nmod obj det nsubj aux acl:relcl punct punct root " PUNCT Oh INTJ no INTJ , PUNCT " PUNCT replied VERB the DET counsellor NOUN ; PUNCT " PUNCT I PRON can AUX only ADV discourse NOUN on ADP topics NOUN which PRON every DET one NOUN should AUX understand VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 replied punct 2 Oh oh INTJ _ 6 replied discourse 3 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 2 Oh discourse 4 , , PUNCT _ 2 Oh punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 Oh punct 6 replied reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 counsellor det 8 counsellor counsellor NOUN Number=Sing 6 replied obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 discourse punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 14 discourse punct 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 discourse nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 discourse aux 13 only only ADV _ 14 discourse advmod 14 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing 6 replied obl 15 on on ADP _ 16 topics case 16 topics topic NOUN Number=Plur 14 discourse nmod 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 21 understand obj 18 every every DET PronType=Tot 19 one det 19 one one NOUN Number=Sing 21 understand nsubj 20 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 understand aux 21 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 topics acl:relcl 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 replied punct 23 " " PUNCT _ 6 replied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reply speech: assert past the counsellor vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 discourse in a quote can the counsellor = counsellor topics tree rules 3 understand in a quote should every one topics vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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