topple Who acts: it, leader, strong wind, you, cups, wide base · What happens: topple, be, fall over, push, fall, mean · To what, where: something, leader, power, blocks, old tree, cups · Speech: someone speaks here
«topple» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: topple in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To topple is to become unsteady and fall over, or to push something so that it falls.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj cop mark xcomp cc conj advmod punct cc mark parataxis obj mark fixed nsubj advcl punct root To PART topple VERB is AUX to PART become VERB unsteady ADJ and CCONJ fall VERB over ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART push VERB something PRON so SCONJ that SCONJ it PRON falls VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 topple mark 2 topple topple VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 become csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 become cop 4 to to PART _ 5 become mark 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 unsteady unsteady ADJ Degree=Pos 5 become xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 fall cc 8 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 become conj 9 over over ADV _ 8 fall advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 push punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 push cc 12 to to PART _ 13 push mark 13 push push VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 become parataxis 14 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 push obj 15 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 18 falls mark 16 that that SCONJ _ 15 so fixed 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 falls nsubj 18 falls fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 push advcl 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 topple to-infinitive vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is present become, unsteady property tree rules 3 fall over infinitive over property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 push to-infinitive something vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 5 fall present it vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To topple a leader or government means to make them lose power.
mark csubj det obj cc conj mark xcomp obj xcomp obj punct root To PART topple VERB a DET leader NOUN or CCONJ government NOUN means VERB to PART make VERB them PRON lose VERB power NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 topple mark 2 topple topple VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 leader det 4 leader leader NOUN Number=Sing 2 topple obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 government cc 6 government government NOUN Number=Sing 4 leader conj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 make mark 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means xcomp 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 make obj 11 lose lose VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 make xcomp 12 power power NOUN Number=Sing 11 lose obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 topple to-infinitive a leader or government vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent leader=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make not said to happen to-infinitive leader tree rules 4 lose not said to happen infinitive leader not said here power vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Eventuality
Example 1 The tower of blocks toppled over.
det case nmod acl advmod punct root The DET tower NOUN of ADP blocks NOUN toppled VERB over ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tower det 2 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 blocks case 4 blocks block NOUN Number=Plur 2 tower nmod 5 toppled topple VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 blocks acl 6 over over ADV _ 5 toppled advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 tower punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 topple over participle blocks not said here over property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 The strong wind toppled the old tree.
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET strong ADJ wind NOUN toppled VERB the DET old ADJ tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 wind det 2 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 3 wind amod 3 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 toppled nsubj 4 toppled topple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tree det 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tree amod 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 toppled obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 toppled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 topple past the strong wind the old tree vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
Example 3 Don't stack the cups so high or they will topple.
aux advmod det obj advmod advcl cc nsubj aux conj punct root Do AUX n't PART stack VERB the DET cups NOUN so ADV high ADJ or CCONJ they PRON will AUX topple VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 stack aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 stack advmod 3 stack stack VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cups det 5 cups cup NOUN Number=Plur 3 stack obj 6 so so ADV _ 7 high advmod 7 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 3 stack advcl 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 topple cc 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 topple nsubj 10 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 topple aux 11 topple topple VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 high conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 stack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not stack imperative · do-support you not said here the cups vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cup=Theme 2 topple future cups = cup vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 A wide base stops a tower from toppling.
det amod nsubj det obj mark acl punct root A DET wide ADJ base NOUN stops VERB a DET tower NOUN from SCONJ toppling VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 base det 2 wide wide ADJ Degree=Pos 3 base amod 3 base base NOUN Number=Sing 4 stops nsubj 4 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 tower det 6 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 4 stops obj 7 from from SCONJ _ 8 toppling mark 8 toppling topple VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 tower acl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present a wide base a tower vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality tower=Eventuality 2 topple gerund a tower not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 The vase toppled off the shelf and broke.
det nsubj acl case det obl cc punct root The DET vase NOUN toppled VERB off ADP the DET shelf NOUN and CCONJ broke VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 vase det 2 vase vase NOUN Number=Sing 8 broke nsubj 3 toppled topple VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 vase acl 4 off off ADP _ 6 shelf case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 shelf det 6 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 3 toppled obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 3 toppled cc 8 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 topple participle the vase not said here off the shelf vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 break past the vase vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 The cat toppled the pile of books.
det nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET cat NOUN toppled VERB the DET pile NOUN of ADP books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 toppled nsubj 3 toppled topple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pile det 5 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 3 toppled obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 books case 7 books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 pile nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 toppled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 topple past the cat the pile of books vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pile=Patient
Example 7 The people toppled the cruel king.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET people NOUN toppled VERB the DET cruel ADJ king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 toppled nsubj 3 toppled topple VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 king det 5 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 6 king amod 6 king king NOUN Number=Sing 3 toppled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 toppled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 topple past the people the cruel king vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent king=Patient
Example 8 Then the ogre fell down and broke his crown, and the beanstalk came toppling after.
The tree, 15 words advmod det nsubj advmod cc conj nmod:poss obj punct cc det nsubj conj advcl advmod punct root Then ADV the DET ogre NOUN fell VERB down ADV and CCONJ broke VERB his PRON crown NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET beanstalk NOUN came VERB toppling VERB after ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 fell advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 ogre det 3 ogre ogre NOUN Number=Sing 4 fell nsubj 4 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 down down ADV _ 4 fell advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 broke cc 7 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fell conj 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 crown nmod:poss 9 crown crown NOUN Number=Sing 7 broke obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 came punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 came cc 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 beanstalk det 13 beanstalk beanstalk NOUN Number=Sing 14 came nsubj 14 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fell conj 15 toppling topple VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 came advcl 16 after after ADV _ 15 toppling advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall down past the ogre then down property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 break past the ogre not said here ogre's crown vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer crown=Patient 3 come past the beanstalk vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 topple gerund the beanstalk not said here after property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 crown ogre nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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