torch Who acts: torch, you, that, this, something, we · What happens: be, hold, work, mean, set, take · To what, where: small electric light, UK, hand, flashlight, USA, stick · Speech: someone speaks here
«torch» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: torch in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a torch is a small electric light you hold in your hand and that works with batteries; in the USA and Canada this is a flashlight.
The tree, 34 words case det obl punct conj punct conj cc flat conj punct det nsubj cop det amod amod nsubj acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl cc nsubj conj case obl punct case det obl cc conj nsubj cop det conj punct root In ADP the DET UK PROPN , PUNCT Ireland PROPN , PUNCT Australia PROPN and CCONJ New PROPN Zealand PROPN , PUNCT a DET torch NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ electric ADJ light NOUN you PRON hold VERB in ADP your PRON hand NOUN and CCONJ that PRON works VERB with ADP batteries NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP the DET USA PROPN and CCONJ Canada PROPN this PRON is AUX a DET flashlight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 UK case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 UK det 3 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 18 light obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Ireland punct 5 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 3 UK conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 Australia punct 7 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 3 UK conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 Zealand cc 9 New New PROPN Number=Sing 10 Zealand flat 10 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 7 Australia conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 3 UK punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 torch det 13 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 18 light nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 light cop 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 light det 16 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 18 light amod 17 electric electric ADJ Degree=Pos 18 light amod 18 light light NOUN Number=Sing root root 19 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 hold nsubj 20 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 light acl:relcl 21 in in ADP _ 23 hand case 22 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 hand nmod:poss 23 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 20 hold obl 24 and and CCONJ _ 26 works cc 25 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 26 works nsubj 26 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 hold conj 27 with with ADP _ 28 batteries case 28 batteries battery NOUN Number=Plur 26 works obl 29 ; ; PUNCT _ 38 flashlight punct 30 in in ADP _ 32 USA case 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 USA det 32 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 38 flashlight obl 33 and and CCONJ _ 34 Canada cc 34 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 32 USA conj 35 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 38 flashlight nsubj 36 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 38 flashlight cop 37 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 38 flashlight det 38 flashlight flashlight NOUN Number=Sing 18 light conj 39 . . PUNCT _ 18 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a torch a small electric light and a flashlight the UK and Ireland and Australia and New Zealand tree rules 2 hold present you a small electric light and a flashlight not said here your hand vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent light=Theme in hand=Location 3 work present that with batteries vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with battery=Co-Agent 4 is a present this a flashlight the USA and Canada tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A torch is also a stick with a flame at the top, like the Olympic torch.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop advmod det case det nmod case det nmod punct case det amod conj punct root A DET torch NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET stick NOUN with ADP a DET flame NOUN at ADP the DET top NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET Olympic ADJ torch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 torch det 2 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stick cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 stick advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stick det 6 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 9 flame case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 flame det 9 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nmod 10 at at ADP _ 12 top case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 top det 12 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 flame nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 torch punct 14 like like ADP _ 17 torch case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 torch det 16 Olympic olympic ADJ Degree=Pos 17 torch amod 17 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a torch a stick and the Olympic torch with a flame at the top tree rules
Meaning 3 To torch something means to set it on fire on purpose.
mark compound nsubj mark ccomp obj case obl case obl punct root To PART torch NOUN something PRON means VERB to PART set VERB it PRON on ADP fire NOUN on ADP purpose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 torch mark 2 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 3 something compound 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 set mark 6 set set VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 set obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 fire case 9 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 6 set obl 10 on on ADP _ 11 purpose case 11 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 6 set obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 set not said to happen to-infinitive it fire on purpose vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme on fire=Destination
Example 1 Take a torch with you when we go camping.
det obj case obl advmod nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Take VERB a DET torch NOUN with ADP you PRON when ADV we PRON go VERB camping VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 torch det 3 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obj 4 with with ADP _ 5 you case 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 Take obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 go advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 go nsubj 8 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Take advcl 9 camping camp VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 go xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here a torch with you vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Theme 2 go present we vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 camp gerund we not said here vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Shine the torch under the bed to find my sock.
det obj case det obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Shine VERB the DET torch NOUN under ADP the DET bed NOUN to PART find VERB my PRON sock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shine shine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 torch det 3 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 1 Shine obj 4 under under ADP _ 6 bed case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bed det 6 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 1 Shine obl 7 to to PART _ 8 find mark 8 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Shine advcl 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 sock nmod:poss 10 sock sock NOUN Number=Sing 8 find obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Shine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine imperative you not said here the torch the bed vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme 2 find to-infinitive you not said here my sock vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sock=Topic
Example 3 The power went off, so we used a torch.
det nsubj compound:prt punct advmod nsubj conj det obj punct root The DET power NOUN went VERB off ADP , PUNCT so ADV we PRON used VERB a DET torch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 power det 2 power power NOUN Number=Sing 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 3 went compound:prt 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 used punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 used advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 used nsubj 8 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 went conj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 torch det 10 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 8 used obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go off past the power vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme 2 use past we a torch vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Patient
Example 4 In America, a torch is called a flashlight.
case obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root In ADP America PROPN , PUNCT a DET torch NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET flashlight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 America case 2 America America PROPN Number=Sing 7 called obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 America punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 torch det 5 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 7 called nsubj:pass 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 flashlight det 9 flashlight flashlight NOUN Number=Sing 7 called xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a torch America vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 5 The runner carried the Olympic torch.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET runner NOUN carried VERB the DET Olympic ADJ torch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 runner det 2 runner runner NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried nsubj 3 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 torch det 5 Olympic olympic ADJ Degree=Pos 6 torch amod 6 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past the runner the Olympic torch vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Theme
Example 6 We made shadow puppets with a torch on the wall.
nsubj compound obj case det obl case det obl punct root We PRON made VERB shadow NOUN puppets NOUN with ADP a DET torch NOUN on ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shadow shadow NOUN Number=Sing 4 puppets compound 4 puppets puppet NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 torch case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 torch det 7 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 8 on on ADP _ 10 wall case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 wall det 10 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We shadow puppets the wall with a torch vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppet=Product
Example 7 Check the torch batteries before the trip.
det compound obj case det obl punct root Check VERB the DET torch NOUN batteries NOUN before ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 batteries det 3 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 4 batteries compound 4 batteries battery NOUN Number=Plur 1 Check obj 5 before before ADP _ 7 trip case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trip det 7 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 1 Check obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here the torch batteries before the trip vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battery=Theme
Example 8 Explorers used burning torches to see in the cave.
nsubj amod obj mark advcl case det obl punct root Explorers NOUN used VERB burning VERB torches NOUN to PART see VERB in ADP the DET cave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 torches amod 4 torches torch NOUN Number=Plur 2 used obj 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 7 in in ADP _ 9 cave case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cave det 9 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 6 see obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past Explorers burning torches vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Patient 2 burn gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 see to-infinitive Explorers not said here the cave vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 Hecate appears as a gigantic woman, bearing a torch and a sword.
nsubj case det amod obl punct advcl det obj cc det conj punct root Hecate PROPN appears VERB as ADP a DET gigantic ADJ woman NOUN , PUNCT bearing VERB a DET torch NOUN and CCONJ a DET sword NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hecate Hecate PROPN Number=Sing 2 appears nsubj 2 appears appear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as ADP _ 6 woman case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 woman det 5 gigantic gigantic ADJ Degree=Pos 6 woman amod 6 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 2 appears obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 bearing punct 8 bearing bear VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 appears advcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 torch det 10 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 8 bearing obj 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 sword cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 sword det 13 sword sword NOUN Number=Sing 10 torch conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 appears punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear present Hecate as a gigantic woman vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 bear gerund Hecate not said here a torch and a sword vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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